SECTION A — TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Annex I · Initial Airworthiness and Environmental Protection · Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 · 21.A.1 – 21.A.807
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21.A.1 Scope
This Subpart establishes the general rights and obligations of the applicant for, and holder of, any certificate that has been issued or is to be issued…
21.A.2 Undertaking by a person other than the applicant for, or holder of, a certificate
The actions and obligations required to be undertaken by the applicant for, or holder of, a certificate for a product, part, appliance, control and…
21.A.3A Reporting system
Without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council and its delegated and implementing acts, all natural or…
AMC1 21.A.3A(a) Reporting system
AMC2 21.A.3A(a) Reporting system
AMC3 21.A.3A(a) Reporting system
GM1 21.A.3A(a) and 21.A.3A(b) Reporting system
GM1 21.A.3A(a) 21.A.3A(e), and 21.A.3A(f) Reporting system
GM1 21.A.3A(a)(1) and (b)(1) Reporting system
GM2 21.A.3A(a)(1) and (b)(1) Reporting system
AMC1 21.A.3A(a)(3) 21.A.3A(b)(3), 21.A.3A(d) Reporting system
GM1 21.A.3A(a)(3) 21.A.3A(b)(3) and 21.A.3A(d) Reporting system
21.A.3B Airworthiness directives
An airworthiness directive means a document issued or adopted by the Agency which mandates actions to be performed on an aircraft or on a CMU to restore…
AMC1 21.A.3B(b) Failures, malfunctions and defects
GM1 21.A.3B(b) Failures, malfunctions and defects
GM 21.A.3B(d)(4) Defect correction – Sufficiency of proposed corrective action
21.A.4 Coordination between design and production
Each holder of a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ETSO authorisation, approval of a change to…
21.A.5 Record-keeping
All natural or legal persons that hold or have applied for a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ETSO…
21.A.6 Manuals
The holder of a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, or supplemental type-certificate shall:
21.A.7 Instructions for continued airworthiness
The holder of a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, design change or repair design approval shall develop or…
AMC2 21.A.7(a) Identification of ICA
GM1 21.A.7(a) Scope of ICA, their publication format and typical ICA data
GM2 21.A.7(a) Determination of which supplier data is part of the ICA
GM3 21.A.7(a) Non-ICA supplier data (e.g. component maintenance manuals (CMMs))
AMC1 21.A.7(b) Identification of a complete set of instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA)
GM1 21.A.7(b) Other persons required to comply
GM3 21.A.7(b) Approval status of the manual for a component or article
GM4 21.A.7(b) Integration of ICA between products (aircraft, engines, propellers)
AMC1 21.A.7(c) Completeness and timely availability of the ICA
21.A.9 Access and investigation
Any natural or legal person that holds or has applied for a type-certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, ETSO…
21.A.11 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for issuing type-certificates for products and CMUs and restricted type- certificates for aircraft, and…
21.A.13 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person that has demonstrated, or is in the process of demonstrating, its capability in accordance with point 21.A.14 shall be…
21.A.14 Demonstration of capability
An applicant for a type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall demonstrate its capability by holding a design organisation approval, issued by…
AMC to 21.A.143, 21.A.243, 21.A.14(b), 21.A.112B(b) and 21.A.432B(b) Flight Test Operations Manual (FTOM)
General a. Scope: The FTOM covers flight test operations. The FTOM complexity should be proportionate to the aircraft and the organisation complexity.
21.A.15 Application
An application for a type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency.
AMC 21.A.15(a) Form and manner
AMC 21.A.15(b) Content of the certification programme
Appendix A to AMC 21.A.15(b) Means of compliance codes
Type of compliance Means of compliance Associated compliance documents Engineering evaluation MC0:
AMC 21.B.100(a) and 21.A.15(b)(6) Level of involvement (LoI) in a certification project for a type certificate (TC), a major change to a TC, a supplemental type certificate (STC), a major repair design or European technical standard order (ETSO) authorisation for an auxiliary power unit (APU)
Definitions Risk: the combination of the likelihood and the potential impact of a non-compliance with part of the certification basis.
GM No 1 to 21.A.15(d) Application for the approval of operational suitability data – MMEL for ELA1 and ELA2
For ELA1 and ELA2, the applicant may develop a list of the required equipment to be included in the TCDS and/or AFM/POH.
GM No 2 to 21.A.15(d) Determination of type or variant
The criteria for the determination whether an aircraft with a new type certificate (TC) is considered a new type or is a variant with reference to…
GM No 3 to 21.A.15(d) OSD content
The OSD will typically consist of elements that are required to be included by the TC applicant and elements that can be added at the request of the TC…
21.A.19 Changes requiring a new type-certificate
Any natural or legal person proposing a change to a product shall apply for a new type-certificate if the Agency finds that the change in the design…
21.A.20 Demonstration of compliance with the type certification basis, operational suitability data certification basis and environmental protection requirements
Following the acceptance of the certification programme by the Agency, the applicant shall demonstrate compliance with the type certification basis…
GM 21.A.20 Compliance demonstration process
GM 21.A.20(b) Reporting on the compliance demonstration process
21.A.21 Requirements for the issuance of a type certificate or restricted type certificate
In order to be issued with a product or a CMU type certificate, or with an aircraft restricted type certificate for the aircraft that does not meet the…
21.A.31 Type design
The type design shall consist of: the drawings and specifications, and a listing of those drawings and specifications, necessary to define the…
21.A.33 Inspections and tests
(Reserved) (b) Before each test is undertaken during the demonstration of compliance required by point 21.A.20, the applicant shall have verified:
21.A.35 Flight Tests
Flight testing for the purpose of obtaining a type-certificate shall be conducted in accordance with conditions for such flight testing specified by the…
GM 21.A.35(b)(2) Objective and Content of Function and Reliability Testing
GM 21.A.35(f)(1) Flying Time for Function and Reliability Testing
GM 21.A.35(f)(2) Flying Time for Function and Reliability Testing
21.A.41 Type-certificate
The type-certificate and restricted type-certificate shall include the type design, the operating limitations, the instructions for continued…
21.A.44 Obligations of the holder
Each holder of a type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall:
21.A.47 Transferability
The transfer of a type-certificate or a restricted type-certificate or an ETSO authorisation for an auxiliary power unit may only be made to a natural or…
21.A.51 Duration and continued validity
A type-certificate and restricted type-certificate shall be issued for an unlimited duration.
21.A.62 Availability of operational suitability data
The holder of the type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall make available:
GM to 21.A.62, 21.A.108 and 21.A.120B Availability of Operational Suitability Data
When making data available, the holder of the design approval (TC, change approval, STC) should take into account the applicable security laws.
GM to 21.A.62, 21.A.108 and 21.A.120B Availability of Operational Suitability Data
GM to 21.A.62, 21.A.108 and 21.A.120B Availability of Operational Suitability Data
21.A.65 Continuing structural integrity for aeroplanes structures
The holder of the type-certificate or restricted type-certificate for a large aeroplane shall ensure that the continuing structural integrity programme…
AMC1 21.A.65 Continuing structural integrity programme for aeroplane structures
21.A.90A Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of changes to type-certificates, and establishes the rights and obligations of the applicants…
21.A.90B Standard changes
Standard changes are changes to a type-certificate: in relation to:
21.A.90C Stand-alone changes to the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
Stand-alone changes to the instructions for continued airworthiness are changes that are not directly prepared as a result of a change to the type design…
21.A.91 Classification of changes to a type certificate
Changes to a type certificate shall be classified as “minor” and “major”.
Appendix A to GM 21.A.91 Examples of major changes per discipline
The information below is intended to provide a few major change examples per discipline, resulting from application of 21.A.91 and paragraph 3.3…
21.A.92 Eligibility
Only the type-certificate holder may apply for approval of a major change to a type-certificate under this Subpart;
21.A.93 Application
An application for approval of a change to a type-certificate shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency.
AMC 21.A.93(a) Form and manner
AMC 21.A.93(b) Certification programme for a change to a TC or an STC
GM No 1 to 21.A.93(b)(1)(iii) Interaction of changes to the type design and changes to operational suitability data (OSD)
In general, it has to be assumed that changes to the type design can have an effect on the OSD.
GM No 2 to 21.A.93(b)(1)(iii) Interaction of changes to the type design and changes to the master minimum equipment list (MMEL)
In general, it has to be assumed that changes to the type certificate (TC) that affect the type design can have an effect on the MMEL.
21.A.95 Requirements for approval of a minor change
Minor changes to a type-certificate shall be classified and approved by:
AMC 21.A.95 Requirements for the approval of a minor change
GM 21.A.95(b) Requirements for the approval of a minor change
21.A.97 Requirements for approval of a major change
Major changes to a type-certificate shall be classified and approved by:
AMC 21.A.97 Requirements for the approval of a major change
GM 21.A.97(b) Requirements for the approval of a major change
21.A.101 Type-certification basis, operational suitability data certification basis and environmental protection requirements for a major change to a type-certificate
A major change to a type-certificate and the areas affected by the change shall comply with either the certification specifications applicable to the…
GM 21.A.101 Establishing the certification basis of changed aeronautical products
Appendix A to GM 21.A.101 Classification of design changes
The following tables of ‘substantial’, ‘significant’, and ‘not significant’ changes are adopted by the FAA, Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC), the…
Appendix B to GM 21.A.101 Application charts for changed product rule
Table A-16. Application Chart for 21.A.101(a) and (b) and 21.A.19 Substantial (21.A.19) Significant (21.A.101(a) and (b)) Not Significant…
Appendix C to GM 21.A.101 A method to determine the changed and affected areas
C.1 Overview. C.1.1 When a product is changed, some areas may change physically, while others may change functionally.
Appendix D to GM 21.A.101 Other guidance for affected areas
D.1 Sample Questions in Determining Affected Areas. Below are sample questions to assist in determining whether an area is affected by the change.
Appendix E to GM 21.A.101 Procedure for evaluating material contribution to safety or impracticality of applying latest certification specifications to a changed product
E.1 Introduction. E.1.1 The basic principle of enhancing the level of safety of changed aeronautical products is to apply the latest certification…
Appendix F to GM 21.A.101 The use of service experience in the exception process
F.1 Introduction. Service experience may support the application of an earlier certification specification pursuant to point 21.A.101(b)(3) if, in…
Appendix G to GM 21.A.101 Changed product rule (CPR) decision record
CHANGED PRODUCT RULE (CPR) DECISION RECORD TC/STC No: Click here to enter text.
Appendix H to GM 21.A.101 Examples of documenting the proposed certification basis list
H.1 Example 1. H.1.1 This optional tool may be used to establish the applicable airworthiness and OSD certification specifications that will become part…
Appendix I to GM 21.A.101 Related documents
I.1 Related Part 21 requirements. 21.A.15, Application 21.B.70, Certification specifications 21.B.75, Special conditions 21.B.80, Type-certification…
Appendix J to GM 21.A.101 Definitions and terminology
J.1 Aeronautical product. The terms ‘aeronautical product’ or ‘product’ used in this guidance material include type-certified aircraft, engines, or…
GM No 1 to 21.A.101(g) Establishment of the operational suitability data (OSD) certification basis for changes to type certificates (TCs)
This GM provides guidance on the application of point 21.A.101(g) in order to determine the applicable OSD certification basis in accordance with points…
21.A.108 Availability of operational suitability data
In the case of a change affecting the operational suitability data, the holder of the minor change approval shall make available:
21.A.109 Obligations and EPA marking
The holder of a minor change approval to a type-certificate shall:
21.A.111 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of major changes to the type-certificate under supplemental type-certificate procedures, and…
21.A.112A Eligibility
Any natural or legal person that has demonstrated, or is in the process of demonstrating, its capability in accordance with point 21.A.112B may apply for…
21.A.112B Demonstration of capability
An applicant for a supplemental type-certificate shall demonstrate its capability by holding a design organisation approval, issued by the Agency in…
21.A.113 Application for a supplemental type-certificate
An application for a supplemental type-certificate shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency.
21.A.115 Requirements for approval of major changes in the form of a supplemental type-certificate
Supplemental type certificates shall be issued by: the Agency;
21.A.116 Transferability
A supplemental type-certificate shall only be transferred to a natural or legal person that is able to undertake the obligations of point 21.A.118A and…
21.A.117 Changes to that part of a product covered by a supplemental type-certificate
Minor changes to that part of a product, an UAS or a CMU that is covered by a supplemental type-certificate shall be classified and approved in…
21.A.118A Obligations and EPA marking
Each holder of a supplemental type-certificate shall: undertake the obligations:
21.A.118B Duration and continued validity
A supplemental type-certificate shall be issued for an unlimited duration.
21.A.120B Availability of operational suitability data
In the case of a change affecting the operational suitability data, the holder of the supplemental type-certificate shall make available:
21.A.121 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for demonstrating conformity with the applicable design data of a product, part, appliance, CMU and CMU component…
GM No 1 to 21.A.121 Applicability – Individual product, part or appliance
In this context, ‘demonstrating the conformity with the applicable design data of a product, part and appliance’ means that conformity with the…
GM No 2 to 21.A.121 Applicability – Applicable design data
Applicable design data is defined as all the necessary drawings, specifications and other technical information provided by the applicant for, or holder…
21.A.122 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person may apply to show conformity of individual products, parts, appliances, CMUs and CMU components under this Subpart, if:
21.A.124 Application
Each application for an agreement to the showing of conformity of individual products, parts, appliances, CMUs and CMU components under this Subpart…
GM 21.A.124(b)(1)(i) Applicability – Inappropriate approval under Subpart G
GM 21.A.124(b)(1)(ii) Certification or approval needed in advance of the issue of a POA
GM 21.A.124(b)(2) Application – Minimum information to include with the application
21.A.124A Means of compliance
An organisation may use any alternative means of compliance to establish compliance with this Regulation.
GM1 21.A.124A and 21.A.134A Means of compliance
GM2 21.A.124A and 21.A.134A Means of compliance
AMC1 21.A.124A(b) and 21.A.134A(b) Means of compliance
GM1 21.A.124A and 21.A.134A Means of compliance
21.A.125A Issuance of a letter of agreement
The applicant shall be entitled to have a letter of agreement issued by the competent authority agreeing to the showing of conformity of individual…
GM No 1 to 21.A.125A Letter of agreement – Meaning of individual
‘Individual’ means that each part number or type of item (i.e., product, part or appliance) to be produced should be specifically referenced, either…
GM No 1 to 21.A.125A(b) Letter of agreement – Contents of the Manual
The manual referred in 21.A.125A(b) should include, at least the following information:
GM No 2 to 21.A.125A(b) Letter of agreement – Production Inspection System: Functional Tests
All items produced should be subject to inspection to be carried out at suitable phases which permit an effective verification of conformity with the…
21.A.125B Findings and observations
After receipt of the notification of findings in accordance with point 21.B.125, the holder of a letter of agreement shall:
GM1 21.A.125B(a) 21.A.158(a) and 21.A.258(a) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(a)(3) 21.A.158(a)(3) and 21.A.258(a)(3) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(c) 21.A.158(c), 21.A.258(c) Findings and observations
GM1 21.A.125B(a) 21.A.158(a) and 21.A.258(a) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(a)(3) 21.A.158(a)(3) and 21.A.258(a)(3) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(c) 21.A.158(c), 21.A.258(c) Findings and observations
GM1 21.A.125B(a) 21.A.158(a) and 21.A.258(a) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(a)(3) 21.A.158(a)(3) and 21.A.258(a)(3) Findings and observations
AMC1 21.A.125B(c) 21.A.158(c), 21.A.258(c) Findings and observations
GM No 1 to 21.A.125B(a) Uncontrolled non-compliance with applicable design data
An uncontrolled non-compliance with applicable design data is a non-compliance:
GM No 2 to 21.A.125B(a) Examples for level one findings
Examples for level 1 findings are non-compliances with any of the following points, that could affect the safety of the aircraft:
21.A.125C Duration and continued validity
The letter of agreement shall be issued for a limited period of time that in any case shall not exceed 1 year.
21.A.126 Production inspection system
The production inspection system required under point 21.A.125A(a) shall provide a means for determining that:
GM 21.A.126 Production inspection system
GM 21.A.126(a)(2) Production inspection system – Identification of incoming materials and parts
GM 21.A.126(a)(4) Production inspection system – Applicable design/production data procedures
GM 21.A.126(b)(1) Production inspection system – Inspection of parts in process
GM 21.A.126(b)(2) Production inspection system – Suitable storage and protection
GM 21.A.126(b)(3) Production inspection system – Use of derived data instead of original design data
GM 21.A.126(b)(4) Production inspection system – Segregation of rejected material
GM1 21.A.126(b)(5) Production inspection system — Engineering and manufacturing review procedure
GM No 1 to 21.A.126(a)(3) Production inspection system – List of specifications
It is the responsibility of: The designer, to define all necessary processes, techniques and methods to be followed during manufacture (21.A.31) and this…
GM No 2 to 21.A.126(a)(3) Production inspection system – Means of checking of the production processes
The Production Inspection System should be provided with appropriate means of checking that production processes, whether performed by the person…
21.A.127 Tests: aircraft
Each manufacturer of an aircraft manufactured under this Subpart shall establish an approved production ground and flight test procedure and check-off…
21.A.128 Tests: engines, propellers, and control and monitoring units (CMUs)
Each manufacturer of engines, propellers or CMUs manufactured under this Subpart shall subject each engine, variable pitch propeller, or CMU to an…
GM No 1 to 21.A.128 Acceptable functional test – Engines
The functional test required for a new engine will be specified by the engine design organisation and will normally include at least the following:
GM No 2 to 21.A.128 Acceptable functional test – Variable pitch propellers
The functional tests required for a new propeller will be specified by the propeller design organisation and should normally include a number of complete…
GM No 3 to 21.A.128 Acceptable functional test – Engines and Propellers
After functional test, each engine or propeller should be inspected to determine that the engine or propeller is in condition for safe operation.
21.A.129 Obligations of the production organisation
Each manufacturer of a product, part, appliance, CMU or CMU component manufactured under this Subpart shall:
GM 21.A.129(a) Availability for inspection by the competent authority
AMC No 1 to 21.A.129(c) Obligations of the manufacturer – Conformity of prototype models and test specimens
21.A.33 requires determination of conformity of prototype models and test specimens to the applicable design data.
AMC No 2 to 21.A.129(c) Obligations of the manufacturer – Conformity with Applicable Design Data
Individual configurations are often based on the needs of the customer and improvements or changes which may be introduced by the type-certificate holder.
AMC No 3 to 21.A.129(c) Obligations of the manufacturer – Condition for safe operation
Before issue of the Statement of Conformity to the competent authority the manufacturer under this Subpart should make an investigation so as to be…
21.A.130 Statement of conformity
Each manufacturer of a product, part, appliance, CMU or CMU component manufactured under this Subpart shall present a statement of conformity, an EASA…
AMC1 21.A.130(b)(4)(i) Statement of conformity
GM1 21.A.130(b)(4)(i) Statement of conformity
AMC1 21.A.130(b)(4)(ii) Statement of conformity
AMC 21.A.130(c) Validation of the Statement of Conformity
AMC No 1 to 21.A.130(b) Statement of conformity for complete aircraft
PURPOSE AND SCOPE The description under this AMC refers only to the use of the aircraft Statement of Conformity issued under Part 21 Section A Subpart F.
21.A.131 Scope
This Subpart establishes: the procedure for the issuance of a production organisation approval for a production organisation that shows the conformity of…
21.A.133 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person (‘organisation’) shall be eligible as an applicant for an approval under this Subpart.
GM 21.A.133(a) Eligibility – Approval appropriate for showing conformity
AMC No 1 to 21.A.133(b) and (c) Eligibility – Link between design and production organisations
An arrangement is considered appropriate if it is documented and satisfies the competent authority that co-ordination is satisfactory.
AMC No 2 to 21.A.133(b) and (c) Eligibility – Link between design and production organisations
In accordance with AMC No 1 to 21.A.133(b) and (c) the POA holder must demonstrate to the competent authority that it has entered into an arrangement…
21.A.134 Application
Each application for a production organisation approval shall be made to the competent authority in a form and manner established by that authority, and…
21.A.134A Means of compliance
An organisation may use any alternative means of compliance to establish compliance with this Regulation.
21.A.135 Issuance of production organisation approval
An organisation shall be entitled to have a production organisation approval issued by the competent authority when it has demonstrated compliance with…
21.A.139 Production management system
The production organisation shall establish, implement and maintain a production management system that includes a safety management element and a…
AMC1 21.A.139(c) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(1) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c)(1) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(2) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c)(2) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(3) and (4) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(4)(ii) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c)(4)(ii) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(5) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c)(5) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(c)(5)(i) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(c)(5)(i) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(d) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(d)(1) Production management system
GM2 21.A.139(d)(1) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(d)(2) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(d)(2)(ii) Production management system
AMC2 21.A.139(d)(2)(ii) Production management system
GM1 21.A.139(d)(2)(ii) Production management system
AMC1 21.A.139(e) and 21.A.139(d)(2)(xiv) Production management system
21.A.139A Information security management system
In addition to the production management system required by point 21.A.139, the production organisation shall establish, implement and maintain an…
21.A.143 Production organisation exposition
The production organisation shall establish and maintain a production organisation exposition (POE) that provides directly or by cross reference the…
21.A.145 Resources
The production organisation shall demonstrate that: the facilities, working conditions, equipment and tools, processes and associated materials, number…
21.A.147 Changes in the production management system
After the issue of a production organisation approval certificate, each change in the production management system that is significant for the…
21.A.148 Changes of location
A change of the location of the manufacturing facilities of the approved production organisation shall be deemed of significance and therefore shall…
AMC 21.A.148 Changes of location – Management during change of location
21.A.149 Transferability
Except as a result of a change in ownership, which is deemed significant for the purposes of point 21.A.147, a production organisation approval is not…
21.A.151 Terms of approval
The terms of approval shall identify the scope of work, the products or the categories of parts and appliances, or both, the CMUs or the CMU components…
21.A.153 Changes to the terms of approval
Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the competent authority.
AMC 21.A.153 Changes to the terms of approval — Application for a change to the terms of approval
21.A.158 Findings and observations
After receipt of the notification of findings in accordance with point 21.B.225, the holder of the production organisation approval certificate shall:
21.A.159 Duration and continued validity
A production organisation approval certificate shall be issued for an unlimited period of time.
21.A.163 Privileges
Pursuant to the terms of approval issued under point 21.A.135, the holder of a production organisation approval may:
AMC No 1 to 21.A.163(c) Computer generated signature and electronic exchange of the EASA Form 1
Submission to the competent authority Any POA holder/applicant intending to implement an electronic signature procedure to issue EASA Form 1 and/or to…
21.A.165 Obligations of the holder
Pursuant to the terms of approval issued under point 21.A.135, the holder of a production organisation approval shall:
GM 21.A.165(a) Obligations of the holder – Basic working document
AMC1 21.A.165(c)(3)(i) Obligations of the holder
GM No 1 to 21.A.165(c) Obligations of the holder – Conformity of prototype models and test specimens
21.A.33 requires determination of conformity of prototype models and test specimens to the applicable design data.
GM No 2 to 21.A.165(c) Obligations of holder – Conformity with type design
Individual configurations are often based on the needs of the customer and improvements or changes which may be introduced by the type-certificate holder.
GM No 3 to 21.A.165(c) Obligations of the holder – Condition for safe operation
Before issue of the Statement of Conformity to the competent authority of the Member State of registry, the holder of a production organisation approval…
GM No 4 to 21.A.165(c) Airworthiness Release or Conformity Certificate
The EASA Form 1, when used as a release certificate as addressed in 21.A.165(c)(2) and (3), may be issued in two ways:
21.A.171 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for issuing airworthiness certificates to aircraft which conform to a type certificate that has been issued in…
21.A.172 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person under whose name an aircraft is registered or will be registered in a Member State (‘Member State of registry’), or its…
21.A.173 Classification
Airworthiness certificates shall be classified as follows: certificates of airworthiness shall be issued to aircraft which conform to a type-certificate…
21.A.174 Application
Pursuant to point 21.A.172, an application for an airworthiness certificate shall be made in a form and manner established by the competent authority of…
GM1 21.A.174(b)(3) Application
GM1 21.A.174(b)(3)(ii) Application
GM2 21.A.174(b)(3)(ii) Application
AMC1 21.A.174(b)(3)(ii)(A) Application
GM1 21.A.174(b)(3)(ii)(A) Application
AMC1 21.A.174(b)(3)(ii)(D) and 21.A.174(d)(2) Application
21.A.175 Language
The manuals, placards, listings, and instrument markings and other necessary information required by applicable certification specifications shall be…
21.A.177 Amendment or modification
An airworthiness certificate may be amended or modified only by the competent authority of the Member State of registry.
21.A.179 Transferability and re-issuance within Member States
The airworthiness certificate and the airworthiness review certificate shall be transferred together with the aircraft provided that the aircraft remains…
21.A.181 Duration and continued validity
An airworthiness certificate shall be issued for an unlimited period of time.
21.A.182 Aircraft identification
Each applicant for an airworthiness certificate under this Subpart shall demonstrate that its aircraft is identified in accordance with Subpart Q.
21.A.201 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for issuing noise certificates to aircraft which conform to a type certificate that has been issued in accordance…
21.A.203 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person under whose name an aircraft is registered or will be registered in a Member State (Member State of registry), or its…
21.A.204 Application
Pursuant to point 21.A.203, an application for a noise certificate shall be made in a form and manner established by the competent authority of the…
21.A.207 Amendment or modification
A noise certificate may be amended or modified only by the competent authority of the Member State of registry.
21.A.209 Transferability and re-issuance within Member States
Where ownership of an aircraft has changed: if the aircraft remains on the same register, the noise certificate shall be transferred together with the…
21.A.211 Duration and continued validity
A noise certificate shall be issued for an unlimited period of time.
21.A.231 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of design organisations and rules governing the rights and obligations of applicants for, and…
21.A.233 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person (‘organisation’) shall be eligible as an applicant for an approval under this Subpart:
21.A.234 Application
Each application for a design organisation approval shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency and shall include an outline of the…
21.A.235 Issue of design organisation approval
An organisation shall be entitled to have a design organisation approval issued by the Agency when it has demonstrated compliance with the applicable…
21.A.239 Design management system
The design organisation shall establish, implement and maintain a design management system that includes a safety management element and a design…
AMC1 21.A.239(c) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(1) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c)(1) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(2) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c)(2) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(3) and (4) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(4)(ii) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c)(4)(ii) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(5) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c)(5) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(c)(5)(i) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(c)(5)(i) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(d) Design management system
AMC2 21.A.239(d) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(d) Design management system
AMC1 21.A.239(d)(2) Design management system
GM1 21.A.239(d)(3) Design management system
21.A.239A Information security management system
In addition to the design management system required by point 21.A.239, the design organisation shall establish, implement and maintain an information…
21.A.243 Handbook
As part of the design management system, the design organisation shall create and provide to the Agency a handbook that describes, directly or by cross…
21.A.245 Resources
The organisation shall appoint a head of the design organisation with the authority to ensure that, within the organisation, all design activities are…
21.A.247 Changes in the design management system
After the issue of a design organisation approval, each change to the design management system that is significant for the demonstration of compliance or…
AMC1 21.A.247 Changes to the design management system
GM1 21.A.247 Significant changes to the design management system
21.A.249 Transferability
Except as a result of a change in ownership, which is deemed significant for the purposes of point 21.A.247, a design organisation approval is not…
21.A.251 Terms of approval
The terms of approval shall identify the types of design work, the categories of products, parts, appliances, UAS, CMUs or CMU components for which the…
GM No 1 to 21.A.251 Terms of approval
The terms of approval are stated on the certificate of approval issued by the Agency.
GM No 2 to 21.A.251 Terms of approval – Organisations that design minor changes to type design or minor repairs to products
Terms of approval issued for organisations designing minor changes to type design or minor repairs to products should contain:
21.A.253 Changes to the terms of approval
Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the Agency.
21.A.258 Findings and observations
After the receipt of the notification of findings in accordance with point 21.B.433, the holder of the design organisation approval shall:
21.A.259 Duration and continued validity
A design organisation approval shall be issued for an unlimited period of time.
21.A.263 Privileges
(Reserved) (b) (Reserved) (c) The holder of a design organisation approval shall be entitled, within the scope of its terms of approval issued under…
AMC1 21.A.263(c)(1) Privileges
AMC2 21.A.263(c)(1) Privileges
AMC1 21.A.263(c)(2) Privileges
AMC2 21.A.263(c)(2) Privileges
AMC1 21.A.263(c)(6) Privileges
AMC 21.A.263(c)(7) Procedure for the issue of a permit to fly
AMC No 3 to 21.A.263(c)(2) Procedure for the approval of minor changes to a type certificate (TC) which affect the aircraft flight manual (AFM)
Intent This AMC provides additional guidance for developing a procedure for the approval of minor changes to a TC which affect the aircraft flight manual…
AMC No 1 to 21.A.263(c)(5), (8) and (9) Scope and criteria
Definition of ‘certain major repairs’ ‘Certain major repairs’ for which privileges may be granted as per point 21.A.263(c)(5) are:
AMC No 2 to 21.A.263(c)(5), (8) and (9) Procedure for the approval of a major repair, a major change to a type certificate (TC), or a supplemental type certificate (STC) by a design organisation approval (DOA) holder under their privileges
This AMC describes the process to be followed in order to obtain and use the privilege to approve ‘certain major repairs’ and ‘certain major changes’ to…
21.A.265 Obligations of the holder
The holder of a design organisation approval shall, within the scope of its terms of approval, as established by the Agency:
AMC1 21.A.265(a) Obligations of the holder
AMC2 21.A.265(a) Obligations of the holder
21.A.301 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure relating to the approval of parts, appliances and CMU components.
21.A.303 Compliance with the applicable requirements
The showing of compliance of parts, appliances and CMU components to be installed in a type-certified product, or in a CMU, shall be made:
GM No 2 to 21.A.303(c) Officially recognised Standards
In this context ‘officially recognised Standards’ means: Those standards established or published by an official body whether having legal personality or…
21.A.305 Approval of parts, appliances, and control and monitoring unit (CMU) components
In all cases where the approval of a part, appliance or CMU component is explicitly required by Union law () or taking into account the Agency measures…
21.A.307 The eligibility of parts and appliances for installation
A part or appliance is eligible for installation in a type-certified product when it is in a condition for safe operation, marked in accordance with…
GM1 21.A.307(b)(3) and (b)(4) Meaning of ‘negligible safety effect’
GM1 21.A.307(b)(4) Certification specifications referred to in point 21.A.307(b)(4)
GM1 21.A.307(b)(6) Part or appliance that is part of a higher-level assembly
21.A.308 Eligibility of a component for installation in a control and monitoring unit (CMU)
A CMU component that is critical for the intended UAS operation, as determined by the design approval holder and agreed with the Agency, is eligible for…
21.A.431A Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of a repair design of a product, part, appliance, CMU or CMU component, and establishes the…
21.A.431B Standard repairs
Standard repairs are repairs: in relation to: aeroplanes with a maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of 5 700kg or less;
GM 21.A.431B Standard repairs – Certification Specifications
21.A.432A Eligibility
Any natural or legal person that has demonstrated, or is in the process of demonstrating, its capability under point 21.A.432B shall be eligible as an…
21.A.432B Demonstration of capability
An applicant for approval of a major repair design shall demonstrate its capability by holding a design organisation approval, issued by the Agency in…
21.A.432C Application for a repair design approval
An application for a repair design approval shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency.
AMC 21.A.432C(a) Form and manner
AMC 21.A.432C(b) Certification programme for a repair design approval
21.A.433 Requirements for approval of a repair design
A repair design shall only be approved: when it has been demonstrated, following the certification programme referred to in point 21.A.432C(b), that the…
AMC1 21.A.433(b) Requirements for approval of a repair design
21.A.435 Classification and approval of repair designs
A repair design shall be classified as either “major” or “minor” in accordance with the criteria set out in point 21.A.91 for a change to the…
21.A.439 Production of repair parts
Parts, appliances and CMU components to be used for the repair shall be manufactured in accordance with production data based upon all the necessary…
21.A.441 Repair embodiment
The embodiment of a repair shall be performed in accordance with Subpart C of Annex I (Part-M), or Subpart C of Annex Vb (Part-ML) to Regulation (EU) No…
21.A.443 Limitations
A repair design may be approved subject to limitations, in which case the repair design approval shall include all necessary instructions and limitations.
21.A.445 Unrepaired damage
When a damaged product, part, appliance, CMU or CMU component is left unrepaired, and is not covered by previously approved data, the evaluation of the…
21.A.451 Obligations and EPA marking
Each holder of a major repair design approval shall: undertake the obligations:
21.A.601 Scope
This Subpart establishes the procedure for issuing ETSO authorisations and the rules governing the rights and obligations of applicants for, or holders…
21.A.602A Eligibility
Any natural or legal person that produces or is preparing to produce an ETSO article, and that has demonstrated, or is in the process of demonstrating…
21.A.602B Demonstration of capability
Any applicant for an ETSO authorisation shall demonstrate its capability as follows:
21.A.603 Application
An application for an ETSO authorisation shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency and shall include an outline of the information…
21.A.604 ETSO authorisation for an auxiliary power unit (APU)
With regard to an ETSO authorisation for an APU: by way of derogation from points 21.A.9, 21.A.603, 21.A.610 and 21.A.621, the following points shall…
21.A.605 Data requirements
The applicant shall submit to the Agency the following documents:
21.A.606 Requirements for the issuance of an ETSO authorisation
In order to be issued an ETSO authorisation, the applicant shall:
21.A.607 ETSO authorisation privileges
The holder of an ETSO authorisation is entitled to produce and to mark the article with the appropriate ETSO marking.
21.A.608 Declaration of Design and Performance (DDP)
The DDP shall contain at least the following information: information corresponding to point 21.A.31(a) and (b), identifying the article and its design…
21.A.609 Obligations of holders of ETSO authorisations
The holder of an ETSO authorisation under this Subpart shall:
AMC1 21.A.609(c) and (d) Obligations of holders of ETSO authorisations
21.A.610 Approval for deviation
Each manufacturer who requests approval to deviate from any performance standard of an ETSO shall demonstrate that the standards from which a deviation…
21.A.611 Design changes
The holder of the ETSO authorisation may make minor design changes (any change other than a major change) without further authorisation by the Agency.
GM to 21.A.611 Design changes
A change to an ETSO article can either be seen: under this 21.A.611 in the context of an ETSO authorisation, i.e., when an article as such is…
21.A.619 Duration and continued validity
An ETSO authorisation shall be issued for an unlimited period of time.
21.A.621 Transferability
Except for a change in ownership of the holder, which shall be regarded as a change of significance, and shall therefore comply with points 21.A.147 and…
GM to Subpart P
The process allowing a flight under a permit to fly can be described as follows:
21.A.701 Scope
Permits to fly shall be issued in accordance with this Subpart to aircraft that do not meet, or have not been shown to meet, applicable airworthiness…
21.A.703 Eligibility
Any natural or legal person shall be eligible as an applicant for a permit to fly except for a permit to fly requested for the purpose of point…
21.A.707 Application for permit to fly
Pursuant to point 21.A.703 and when the applicant has not been granted the privilege to issue a permit to fly, an application for a permit to fly shall…
21.A.708 Flight conditions
Flight conditions include: the configuration(s) for which the permit to fly is requested, including, for unmanned aircraft, the configuration of the CMU…
GM No 1 to 21.A.708(c) Safe flight
Safe flight normally means continued safe flight and landing but in some limited cases (e.g.
GM No 2 to 21.A.708(c) Substantiations
The substantiations should include analysis, calculations, tests or other means used to determine under which conditions or restrictions the aircraft can…
GM No 3 to 21.A.708(c) Operation of Overweight Aircraft
This GM provides information and guidance with respect to permit to fly for operating an aircraft in excess of its maximum certificated take-off weight…
21.A.709 Application for approval of flight conditions
Pursuant to point 21.A.707(c) and when the applicant has not been granted the privilege to approve the flight conditions, an application for approval of…
AMC1 21.A.709(b) Application for the approval of flight conditions
21.A.710 Approval of flight conditions
When approval of the flight conditions is related to the safety of the design, the flight conditions shall be approved by:
21.A.711 Issuance of a permit to fly
A permit to fly (EASA Form 20a, see Appendix III) may be issued by the competent authority under the conditions specified in point 21.B.525.
21.A.713 Changes
Any change that invalidates the flight conditions or associated substantiation established for the permit to fly shall be approved in accordance with…
21.A.715 Language
The manuals, placards, listings, and instrument markings and other necessary information required by applicable certification specifications shall be…
21.A.719 Transferability
A permit to fly is not transferable. Notwithstanding, point (a) for a permit to fly issued for the purpose of point 21.A.701(a)(15), where ownership of…
21.A.723 Duration and continued validity
A permit to fly shall be issued for a maximum period of 12 months and shall remain valid subject to compliance with all the following conditions:
21.A.725 Renewal of permit to fly
Renewal of the permit to fly shall be processed as a change in accordance with point 21.A.713.
21.A.727 Obligations of the holder of a permit to fly
The holder of a permit to fly shall ensure that all the conditions and restrictions associated with the permit to fly are satisfied and maintained.
21.A.801 Identification of products and control and monitoring units (CMUs)
The identification of products and CMUs produced under Subpart F or Subpart G shall include the following information:
21.A.803 Handling of identification data
No person shall remove, change, or place the identification information referred to in point 21.A.801(a) on any aircraft, engine, propeller, propeller…
21.A.804 Identification of parts, appliances, and control and monitoring unit (CMU) components
Each part or appliance which is eligible for installation in a type-certified product, and each CMU component which is eligible for installation in a CMU…
GM 21.A.804(a)(1) Identification of parts and appliances
21.A.805 Identification of critical parts
In addition to the requirement of point 21.A.804, each manufacturer of a part to be fitted on a type-certificated product which has been identified as a…
21.A.807 Identification of ETSO articles
Each holder of an ETSO authorisation under Subpart O shall permanently and legibly mark each article with the following information:
Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 27 Nov 2025, extracted 17 Aug 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.
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