SUBPART F – EQUIPMENT
Large Aeroplanes (CS-25) · CS-25 · CS 25.1301 – CS 25.1461
On this page
CS 25.1301 Function and installation
(See AMC 25.1301) (a) Each item of installed equipment must – (1) Be of a kind and design appropriate to its intended function;
CS 25.1302 Installed systems and equipment for use by the flight crew
(See AMC 25.1302.) This paragraph applies to installed equipment intended for flight-crew members’ use in the operation of the aeroplane from their…
AMC 25.1302 Installed Systems and Equipment for Use by the Flight Crew
AMC 25.1302 APPENDIX 1: Related regulatory material and documents
CS 25.1303 Flight and navigation instruments
The following flight and navigation instruments must be installed so that the instruments are visible from each pilot station:
AMC 25.1303(a)(3) Direction indicators
CS 25.1305 Powerplant instruments
(See AMC 25.1305) The following are required powerplant instruments:
AMC 25.1305(a)(2) Fuel indication system(s)
AMC 25.1305(c)(5) Powerplant ice protection system functioning indication
CS 25.1307 Miscellaneous equipment
The following is required miscellaneous equipment: Reserved (b) Two or more independent sources of electrical energy.
CS 25.1309 Equipment, systems and installations
(See AMC 25.1309) The requirements of this paragraph, except as identified below, are applicable, in addition to specific design requirements of CS-25…
Appendix 1 Assessment methods
Various methods for assessing the causes, severity, and probability of failure conditions are available to support experienced engineering and…
Appendix 2 Safety Assessment Process Overview
In showing compliance with CS 25.1309(b), the considerations covered in this AMC should be addressed in a methodical and systematic manner, which ensures…
Appendix 3 Calculation of the average probability per flight hour
The purpose of this material is to provide guidance for calculating the ʽAverage Probability per Flight Hour’ for a failure condition so that it can be…
Appendix 4 Allowable Probabilities
The following probabilities may be used for environmental conditions and operational factors (not caused by aeroplane failures) in quantitative safety…
CS 25.1310 Power source capacity and distribution
(See AMC 25.1310) (a) Each installation whose functioning is required for type certification or by operating rules and that requires a power supply is an…
CS 25.1315 Negative acceleration
(See AMC 25.1315) No hazardous malfunction may occur as a result of the aeroplane being operated at the negative accelerations within the flight…
CS 25.1316 Electrical and electronic system lightning protection
(See AMC 20-136) (a) Each electrical and electronic system that performs a function whose failure would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of…
CS 25.1317 High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) protection
(See AMC 20-158) (a) Each electrical and electronic system that performs a function whose failure would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of…
CS 25.1319 Equipment, systems and network information protection
Aeroplane equipment, systems and networks, considered separately and in relation to other systems, must be protected from intentional unauthorised…
AMC to CS 25.1319 Equipment, systems and network information security protection
In showing compliance with CS 25.1319, the applicant may consider AMC 20-42, which provides acceptable means, guidance and methods to perform security…
CS 25.1321 Arrangement and visibility
Each flight, navigation, and powerplant instrument for use by any pilot must be plainly visible to him from his station with the minimum practicable…
CS 25.1322 Flight Crew Alerting
(See AMC 25.1322) (a) Flight crew alerts must: provide the flight crew with the information needed to:
Appendix 1 Examples for Including Visual System Elements in an Alerting System
This appendix includes detailed guidance and examples to help applicants with a means of compliance and design for visual system elements in an alerting…
Appendix 2 Examples for Including Aural System Elements in an Alerting System
General a. Detailed guidance and examples are included in this appendix to help applicants with a means of compliance, requirements, and detailed design…
Appendix 3 Regulations
The following related documents are provided for information purposes and are not necessarily directly referenced in this AMC.
Appendix 4 Related Documents
FAA Reports. A paper copy of the following reports may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA…
Appendix 5 Definitions
Definitions are written to support the content of this AMC and its associated certification specification.
CS 25.1323 Airspeed indicating system
(See AMC 25.1323) For each airspeed indicating system, the following apply:
AMC 25.1323(d) Airspeed indicating system
CS 25.1324 Flight instrument external probes
(See AMC 25.1324) Each flight instrument external probes systems, including, but not necessarily limited to, pitot tubes, pitot-static tubes, static…
CS 25.1325 Static pressure systems
Each instrument with static air case connections must be vented to the outside atmosphere through an appropriate piping system.
CS 25.1326 Flight instrument external probes heating systems alert
(See AMC 25.1326) If a flight instrument external probe heating system is installed, an alert must be provided to the flight crew when the flight…
AMC 25.1326 Flight instrument external probes heating systems alert
CS 25.1327 Direction Indicator
(See AMC 25.1327) (a) Each magnetic direction indicator must be installed so that its accuracy is not excessively affected by the aeroplane’s vibration…
CS 25.1329 Flight Guidance System
(See AMC Nos. 1 and 2 to CS 25.1329) (a) Quick disengagement controls for the autopilot and autothrust functions must be provided for each pilot.
AMC No. 1 to CS 25.1329 Flight Guidance System
1 PURPOSE This AMC provides interpretative material and acceptable means of compliance with the specifications of CS 25.1329 for Flight Guidance Systems.
Appendix A Safety Assessment
A1 General This section provides material that may be useful in supporting the safety assessment activities identified in Section 13.
AMC No.2 to CS 25.1329 Flight Testing of Flight Guidance Systems
General Some aspects of a Flight Guidance System (FGS) design may be validated by laboratory testing or by simulation, other aspects may necessitate test…
CS 25.1331 Instruments using a power supply
For each instrument required by CS 25.1303(b) that uses a power supply, the following apply:
CS 25.1333 Instrument systems
(See AMC 25.1333) (a) For systems that operate the instruments required by CS 25.1303(b), which are located at each pilot’s station, means must be…
CS 25.1337 Powerplant instruments
Instruments and instrument lines (1) Each powerplant instrument line must meet the requirements of CS 25.993 and CS 25.1183.
CS 25.1351 General
(See AMC 25.1351) (a) Electrical system capacity. The required generating capacity, and number and kinds of power sources must – (1) Be determined by an…
AMC 25.1351(b)(5) Generating System
CS 25.1353 Electrical equipment and installations
(See AMC 25.1353) (a) Electrical equipment and controls, must be installed so that operation of any one unit or system of units will not adversely affect…
AMC 25.1353(a) Electrical equipment and installations
AMC 25.1353(c)(6)(ii) and (iii) Electrical equipment and installations
CS 25.1355 Distribution system
(See AMC 25.1355) (a) The distribution system includes the distribution busses, their associated feeders, and each control protective device.
CS 25.1357 Circuit protective devices
(See AMC 25.1357) (a) Automatic protective devices must be used to minimise distress to the electrical system and hazard to the aeroplane in the event of…
CS 25.1360 Precautions against injury
(See AMC 25.1360) (a) Shock. The electrical system must be designed so as to minimise the risk of electric shock to crew, passengers and servicing…
CS 25.1362 Electrical supplies for emergency conditions
(See AMC 25.1362) A suitable supply must be provided to those services, which are required, in order that emergency procedures may be carried out, after…
CS 25.1363 Electrical system tests
(See AMC 25.1363) (a) Tests must be made to determine that the performance of the electrical supply systems meets the requirements of this CS-25 under…
CS 25.1365 Electrical appliances, motors and transformers
(See AMC 25.1365) (a) Domestic appliances must be so designed and installed that in the event of failures of the electrical supply or control system, the…
CS 25.1381 Instrument lights
The instrument lights must – (1) Provide sufficient illumination to make each instrument, switch and other device necessary for safe operation easily…
CS 25.1383 Landing lights
Each landing light must be approved, and must be installed so that – (1) No objectionable glare is visible to the pilot;
CS 25.1385 Position light system installation
General. Each part of each position light system must meet the applicable requirements of this paragraph and each system as a whole must meet the…
CS 25.1387 Position light system dihedral angles
Except as provided in sub-paragraph (e) of this paragraph, each forward and rear position light must, as installed, show unbroken light within the…
CS 25.1389 Position light distribution and intensities
General. The intensities prescribed in this paragraph must be provided by new equipment with light covers and colour filters in place.
CS 25.1391 Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights
Each position light intensity must equal or exceed the applicable values in the following table:
CS 25.1393 Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights
Each position light intensity must equal or exceed the applicable values in the following table:
CS 25.1395 Maximum intensities in over-lapping beams of forward and rear position lights
No position light intensity may exceed the applicable values in the following table, except as provided in CS 25.1389(b)(3):
CS 25.1397 Colour specifications
Each position light colour must have the applicable International Commission on Illumination chromaticity co-ordinates as follows:
CS 25.1401 Anti-collision light system
General. The aeroplane must have an anticollision light system that – (1) Consists of one or more approved anti-collision lights located so that their…
CS 25.1403 Wing icing detection lights
(see AMC 25.1403) Unless operations at night in known or forecast icing conditions are prohibited by an operating limitation, a means must be provided…
CS 25.1411 General
Accessibility. Required safety equipment to be used by the crew in an emergency must be readily accessible.
CS 25.1415 Ditching equipment
Ditching equipment used in aeroplanes to be certified for ditching under CS 25.801, and required by the Operating Rules, must meet the requirements of…
CS 25.1419 Ice Protection
(See AMC 25.1419) If the applicant seeks certification for flight in icing conditions, the aeroplane must be able to safely operate in the continuous…
CS 25.1420 Supercooled large drop icing conditions
(see AMC 25.1420) (a) If certification for flight in icing conditions is sought, in addition to the requirements of CS 25.1419, the aeroplane must be…
CS 25.1421 Megaphones
If a megaphone is installed, a restraining means must be provided that is capable of restraining the megaphone when it is subjected to the ultimate…
CS 25.1423 Public address system
A public address system required by operational rules must – (a) Be powerable when the aircraft is in flight or stopped on the ground, after the shutdown…
CS 25.1431 Electronic equipment
In showing compliance with CS 25.1309(a) and (b) with respect to radio and electronic equipment and their installations, critical environmental…
CS 25.1433 Vacuum systems
There must be means, in addition to the normal pressure relief, to automatically relieve the pressure in the discharge lines from the vacuum air pump…
CS 25.1435 Hydraulic Systems
(See AMC 25.1435) (a) Element design. Each element of the hydraulic system must be designed to:
AMC 25.1435 Hydraulic Systems - Design, Test, Analysis and Certification
CS 25.1436 Pneumatic systems – high pressure
(See AMC 25.1436) (a) General. Pneumatic systems which are powered by, and/or used for distributing or storing, air or nitrogen, must comply with the…
CS 25.1438 Pressurisation and low pressure pneumatic systems
(See AMC 25.1438) Pneumatic systems (ducting and components) served by bleed air, such as engine bleed air, air conditioning, pressurisation, engine…
AMC 25.1438 Pressurisation and low pressure pneumatic systems
CS 25.1439 Protective breathing equipment
Fixed (stationary, or built in) protective breathing equipment must be installed for the use of the flight crew, and at least one portable protective…
CS 25.1441 Oxygen equipment and supply
If certification with supplemental oxygen equipment is requested, the equipment must meet the requirements of this paragraph and CS 25.1443 through…
AMC 25.1441(b) Risk assessment related to oxygen fire hazards in gaseous oxygen systems
AMC 25.1441(c) Oxygen chemical generators and small sealed, one-time use gaseous oxygen bottles
CS 25.1443 Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen
If continuous flow equipment is installed for use by flight-crew members, the minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen required for each crew member may…
CS 25.1445 Equipment standards for the oxygen distributing system
When oxygen is supplied to both crew and passengers, the distribution system must be designed for either – (1) A source of supply for the flight crew on…
CS 25.1447 Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units
(See AMC 25.1447) If oxygen-dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
AMC 25.1447(c) Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units
AMC 25.1447(c)(1) Equipment standards for oxygen-dispensing units
AMC 25.1447(c)(2) Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units
AMC 25.1447(c)(3) Equipment standards for oxygen-dispensing units
AMC 25.1447(c)(4) Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units
CS 25.1449 Means for determining use of oxygen
There must be a means to allow the crew to determine whether oxygen is being delivered to the dispensing equipment.
CS 25.1450 Chemical oxygen generators
For the purpose of this paragraph, a chemical oxygen generator is defined as a device, which produces oxygen, by chemical reaction.
CS 25.1453 Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture
Each element of the system, excluding chemical oxygen generators, must have sufficient strength to withstand the maximum working pressures and…
CS 25.1455 Draining of fluids subject to freezing
If fluids subject to freezing may be drained overboard in flight or during ground operation, the drains must be designed and located to prevent the…
CS 25.1457 Cockpit voice recorders
(See AMC 25.1457) (a) Each cockpit voice recorder required by the operating rules must be approved and must be installed so that it will record the…
CS 25.1459 Flight data recorders
(See AMC 25.1459) (a) Each flight data recorder required by the operating rules must be approved and must be installed so that – (1) It is supplied with…
CS 25.1460 Data link recorders
(See AMC 25.1460) (a) Each recorder performing the data link recording function required by the operating rules must be approved and must be installed so…
CS 25.1461 Equipment containing high-energy rotors
Equipment containing high energy rotors must meet sub-paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this paragraph.
Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 26 Jan 2023, extracted 17 Aug 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.
Metis opens with Avioverse in October 2026 · request early access.