FCL.835 Basic instrument rating (BIR)

ANNEX I (Part-FCL) · Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 · EAR revision 25 Nov 2025

IRImplementing rule

FCL.835Basic instrument rating (BIR)

(a)Privileges and conditions

(1)The privileges of a BIR holder are to conduct flights under IFR on single-pilot aeroplanes for which class ratings are held, with the exception of the following:

(i)high-performance aeroplanes;

(ii)aeroplane variants if operational suitability data has determined that an IR is required.

(2)BIR privileges shall only be exercised in accordance with point FCL.205.A.

(3)BIR privileges may be exercised at night only if the pilot holds a night rating in accordance with point FCL.810.

(4)The privileges of a multi-engine BIR shall also be valid on single-engine aeroplanes for which the pilot holds a valid single-engine class rating.

(5)The exercise of BIR privileges shall be subject to all of the following conditions:

(i)the decision height (DH) or minimum descent height (MDH) used in aerodrome operating minima shall be at least 200 ft greater than what would otherwise be calculated according to point ‘NCO.OP.110 Aerodrome operating minima – aeroplanes and helicopters’ and point ‘NCO.OP.111 Aerodrome operating minima – NPA, APV, CAT I operations’ to Annex VII of Regulation (EU) No 965/2012; and

(ii)the visibility used in aerodrome operating minima shall not be less than 1 500 m;

(iii)the pilot-in-command shall not commence a flight under IFR or undertake a VFRtoIFR transition, unless:

(A)at the aerodrome of departure, the visibility is at least 1 500 m and the cloud ceiling is at least 600 ft, or the published circling minimum applicable to the aeroplane category, whichever is the greater; and

(B)at the destination aerodrome and at any required alternate aerodrome the available current meteorological information indicates, for the period from 1 hour before until 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, or from the actual time of departure to 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, whichever period is shorter, a visibility of at least 1 500 m and a cloud ceiling of at least 600 ft, or the published circling minimum applicable to the aeroplane category, or the DH/MDH incremented by 200 ft in accordance with (i), whichever is the greater.

(b)Prerequisites. Applicants for the BIR shall hold at least a PPL(A).

(c)Training course. Applicants for the BIR shall have completed at an ATO:

(1)theoretical knowledge instruction in accordance with point FCL.615(a); and

(2)flight instruction that comprises the following instrument flight instruction modules:

(i)module 1 – the core flying training module of flight handling skills by sole reference to instruments;

(ii)module 2 – the applied flying training module of IFR departure, holding, 2D and 3D approach procedures;

(iii)module 3 – the applied flying training module of en-route IFR flight procedures; and

(iv)module 4 – if a multi-engine BIR is sought, the applied flying training module with one engine inoperative shall include asymmetric instrument approach and goaround procedures; and

(3)flight instruction that complies with the following requirements:

(i)The module specified in paragraph (c)(2)(i) shall be completed first. The modules specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii), and, if applicable, (c)(2)(iv), may be completed in an order chosen by the applicant.

(ii)The modules specified in paragraph (c)(2) may be completed in aeroplanes, FSTDs or a combination of these. In any case, the applicant shall receive training in the aeroplane to be used for the skill test.

(iii)The modules specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i), (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iv) may be commenced outside an ATO but shall be completed at an ATO. The module specified in point (c)(2)(iii) may be completed outside an ATO.

(iv)Prior to commencing the module specified in paragraph (c)(2)(iv), a pilot who does not hold a multi-engine aeroplane class or type rating shall have received the multi-engine training specified in Subpart H of this Annex (Part-FCL).

(d)Theoretical knowledge. Prior to taking the skill test and through examinations in the subjects referred to in point FCL.615(b), the applicants shall demonstrate a level of theoretical knowledge that is appropriate to the privileges granted. The theoretical knowledge examination shall consist of one examination paper associated with each module as specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i), (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(2)(iii).

(e)Skill test. After the completion of the training course specified in paragraph (c), the applicants shall pass a skill test in an aeroplane in accordance with Appendix 7 to this Annex. For a multiengine BIR, the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine aeroplane. For a single-engine BIR, the skill test shall be taken in a single-engine aeroplane. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered to be a single-engine aeroplane for the purposes of this paragraph.

(f)By way of derogation from paragraph (d), holders of a single-engine BIR who also hold a multiengine class rating and who wish to obtain a multi-engine BIR for the first time shall complete a training course at an ATO that comprises the training as specified in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) and shall pass the skill test referred to in paragraph (e).

(g)Validity, revalidation and renewal

(1)A BIR shall be valid for 1 year.

(2)Applicants for the revalidation of a BIR shall:

(i)within a period of three months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating, pass a proficiency check in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part; or

(ii)within the validity period, complete 6 hours as PIC under IFR including three instrument approach procedures and complete a training flight of at least one hour with an instructor who holds privileges to provide training for the BIR.

(3)For each alternate subsequent revalidation, the holder of the BIR shall pass a proficiency check in accordance with paragraph (2)(i) in an aeroplane.

(4)If a pilot chooses to fulfil the revalidation requirements specified in paragraph (g)(2)(i) earlier than what is prescribed in that paragraph, the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check.

(5)Applicants who fail to pass the relevant sections of a BIR proficiency check before the expiry date of the BIR shall not exercise the BIR privileges until they have passed the proficiency check.

(6)If a BIR has expired, in order to renew their privileges, applicants shall:

(i)where necessary to reach the level of proficiency needed, complete refresher training provided by an ATO or, if the BIR is expired for three years or less, by an instructor who holds privileges to provide training for the BIR; and

(ii)pass a proficiency check in an aeroplane.

(7)For a multi-engine BIR, the proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal as well as the flying training required in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) shall be completed in a multi-engine aeroplane.

(8)The proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal of a BIR may be combined with a proficiency check for the revalidation or renewal of a single-pilot aeroplane class rating on which BIR privileges may be exercised in accordance with point FCL.835(a)(1).

(h)Applicants for the BIR who hold a PPL or CPL issued in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) and a valid IR(A) issued in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention by a third country may be credited in full towards the training course referred to in paragraph (c)(2). In order to be issued with the BIR, the applicants shall:

(1)successfully complete the skill test referred to in paragraph (e);

(2)demonstrate orally to the examiner during the skill test that they have acquired an adequate level of theoretical knowledge of air law, meteorology, and flight planning and performance; and

(3)have experience of at least 25 hours of flight time under IFR as PIC on aeroplanes.

(j)The holder of an IR shall receive full credits for the requirement in paragraph (c)(2).

IR · FCL.835 — Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 · Regulation (EU) 2024/2076 · Aircrew Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 25 Nov 2025

AMCAcceptable means of compliance

AMC1 FCL.835Basic instrument rating (BIR)

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BASIC INSTRUMENT RATING (BIR) COMPETENCIES This AMC provides the competency criteria required for the relevant training modules of the BIR.

(a)Modules The following modules are applicable:

(1)Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling;

(2)Module 2: Departure, precision (3D) approach procedures and non-precision (2D) approach procedures;

(3)Module 3: En-route IFR procedures;

(4)Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only). Upon completion of the training, an applicant for a BIR should have received instruction on the same class of aeroplane to be used in the test.

(b)Flight tolerances The following limits should apply and it should be borne in mind that such tolerances are expected only at the end of the training. Due consideration should be given to make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the aircraft used: Height Generally ± 100 feet Starting a go-around at decision height or altitude + 50 feet/– 0 feet Minimum descent height, MAP or altitude + 50 feet/– 0 feet

On radio aids	±5°
For ‘angular’ deviations	Half-scale deflection, azimuth and glide path (e.g. LPV, ILS, MLS, GLS)
2D (LNAV) and 3D (LNAV/VNAV) ‘linear’ lateral deviations	Cross-track error/deviation shall normally be limited to ± ½ the RNP value associated with the procedure. Brief deviations from this standard up to a maximum of one time the RNP value are allowable.
3D linear vertical deviations (e.g. RNP APCH (LNAV/VNAV) using Baro VNAV)	Not more than – 75 feet below the vertical profile at any time, and not more than + 75 feet above the vertical profile at or below 1 000 feet above aerodrome level.

Heading All engines operating ± 5° With simulated engine failure ± 10° Speed All engines operating ± 5 knots With simulated engine failure + 10 knots/– 5 knots Given that the intention of the training for the BIR is to be entirely competency-based, the student and instructor need detailed guidance on these competencies. The following information is intended to provide that guidance. Each element of the training modules is described in text followed by a table which gives guidance on the competencies required and how to assess them using the key competencies model of: OBJECTIVE (of the training item), and SKILL — KNOWLEDGE — ATTITUDE (to achieve the objective)

(c)Sample table The table is separated into four rows as follows:

Training element
Title of assessed item taken from training module
OBJECTIVE	This cell describes the applicant’s proficiency to be assessed by the training organisation or instructor.
SKILL	This cell describes the competency criteria that involve the applicant demonstrating: manual aircraft control; effective flight path management through proper use of flight management system guidance and automation; and application of procedures.
KNOWLEDGE	This cell describes the knowledge needed to meet the objective’s proficiency requirements.
ATTITUDE	This cell describes the competency criteria encapsulated by airmanship, crew resource management (CRM), and threat and error management (TEM), such as: situation awareness; effective communication; leadership and teamwork; effective workload management; effective problem-solving and decision-making.
General
In most phases of flight there are competencies that apply to a group of manoeuvres, e.g. turns, or even to the whole phase of flight. In order to avoid repetition, the common competencies are grouped under the ‘General’ item heading.

(d)Content of the training

(1)Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling Use of flight manual (or equivalent), especially for aircraft performance calculation, and mass and balance

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling
Use of flight manual (or equivalent), especially for aircraft performance, and mass and balance
OBJECTIVE	Proficient in the use of the flight manual (or equivalent). Proficient in the mass and balance schedule. Proficient in the aircraft performance calculation.
SKILL	Use proficiently performance charts, tables, graphs or other data, when available, relating to items such as: accelerate-stop distance available; landing distance available; take-off performance; one engine inoperative; climb performance; cruise performance; fuel consumption, range, and endurance; go-around from rejected landing; operational factors affecting aircraft performance; other performance data appropriate to the test aircraft; airspeeds used during specific phases of flight; effects of meteorological conditions upon performance characteristics and correctly application of these factors to a specific chart, table, graph or other performance data; impact of relevant NOTAMs on the conduct of the flight; aircraft documentation.
KNOWLEDGE	Part-NCO (non-commercial air operations) Pilot operating manual (POM) or flight manual chapters dedicated to: limitations; performance calculation in general; performance calculation and associated procedures when specific conditions exist.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Understand the responsibilities of proper pre-departure planning and preparations. Effective communication: Ensure appropriate and clear communication with all ground service personnel (ATC, dispatch, MET). Leadership and teamwork: Manage passengers and ground personnel, as applicable. Effective workload management: Provide sufficient time and manage the workload for pre-flight procedures (including documentation) to be completed in an efficient manner. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decisions on all identified threats; Plan and implement suitable mitigation actions.

Pre-flight inspection

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling
Pre-flight inspection
OBJECTIVE	Full initial pre-flight inspection in accordance with the approved checklist assuming the risk to IFR flights such as icing conditions, database, etc.
SKILL	Perform all elements of the aeroplane pre-flight inspections. Confirm that the aeroplane is in a serviceable and safe condition for IFR flight.
KNOWLEDGE	Confirm the validity of database and receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) prediction, if applicable. Be aware of the possible effects of equipment defects or unserviceability.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Note the position of the aircraft, any surrounding hazards, and location of emergency equipment, and take appropriate action to minimise potential risks; Note effects of engine start on the surrounding environment; Note the limitations of software and equipment such as flight director (FD), autopilot (AP), etc. Effective communication: Demonstrate correct communication; Make a correct passenger and departure briefing. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Confirm from the checklist that all pre-flight requirements have been fulfilled; Demonstrate an organised approach to performing inspection of aircraft and equipment. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Identify possible defects and threats; Take corrective action.

Taxiing

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling
Taxiing
OBJECTIVE	Be proficient in all recommended taxiing checks and procedures. Comply with ATC instructions, airport markings and signals.
SKILL	Obtain appropriate clearance before taxiing and before crossing or entering active runways. Comply with instructions issued by ATC. Maintain correct and positive aircraft control. Take due consideration of environmental conditions (e.g. surface wind, contamination, surface condition, etc.). Maintain adequate separation from other aircraft, obstructions, and persons. Accomplish the applicable briefing or checklist items, and follow the recommended procedures.
KNOWLEDGE	The need to correctly perform taxiing checks. Understanding the following: runway hold lines and stop bar lighting as applicable; localiser and glide slope sensitive and critical areas; beacons, as well as other surface control markings and lighting; taxiing speeds; rules and procedures in the event of loss of communication (priority, lighting signals); rules for manoeuvring in reduced meteorological conditions.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Maintain constant vigilance and lookout during the taxiing operation; Use headings in poor visibility conditions to confirm the path; Maintain awareness of taxiing speeds appropriate to the conditions and limitations. Effective communication: Demonstrate correct ATC communication (where applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Divide attention properly inside and outside the cockpit. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Stop the aircraft to check position when in doubt; Assess major risks: collision with other aircraft, obstacles, and aircraft security.

Transition to instrument flight

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling
Transition to instrument flight (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
OBJECTIVE	Establish the climb, complete a smooth transition to instrument flight, and complete post-take-off checks and drills.
SKILL	Following the initial take-off procedure: Compare the visual attitude achieved with the attitude indicator display; Assess the performance instrument information to confirm that the aircraft has achieved the desired climb parameters; Commence appropriate instrument scanning techniques.
KNOWLEDGE	Demonstrate the required technical knowledge of the function of the instruments in order to safely fly the aircraft by sole reference to instruments. Understand the need to compare the attitude indicator with the real world. Understand the need to verify that the expected performance has been achieved.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Monitor aircraft flight path at all stages of the transition to instrument flight. Effective communication: Demonstrate effective communication (as applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate effective coordination (as applicable). Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Correctly assess take-off and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles, and weather; Have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

ATC liaison — compliance, radio-telephony (RTF) procedures

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling
ATC liaison — compliance, radio-telephony (RTF) procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
OBJECTIVE	Ability to communicate clearly with ATC using appropriate RTF phraseology in order to perform the flight as planned in compliance with ATC instructions. In the event of changes to the plan, such changes should be negotiated with ATC to ensure continued compliance.
SKILL	ICAO language proficiency level 4 or greater. The ability to use standard and, where applicable, non-standard RTF procedures. Understand the implications of the received clearance, and be able to action the same safely and effectively. Interpretation of charts and maps.
KNOWLEDGE	Specific ATC phrases, e.g. ETA vs EAT. Aircraft category for instrument approaches. Performance of the aircraft and its ability to meet the ATC clearance. ICAO standard phraseology and national differences. Pilot or controller responsibilities including tower, en-route, and appropriate clearances. Adequate knowledge of RTF failure procedures.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Copy correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Interpret correctly the ATC clearance received and, when necessary, request clarification, verification, or change.

Control of the aeroplane by reference solely to instruments, including: level flight at various speeds, level turns at rate 1 and up to 30 degrees angle of bank, trim

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Control of the aeroplane by reference solely to instruments, including: level flight at various speeds, level turns at rate 1 and up to 30 degrees angle of bank, trim
OBJECTIVE	Smooth control of heading, altitude, speed, power, trim and ancillary controls. Correct use of autopilot, where appropriate. Demonstrate correct technique for instrument flight manoeuvring within specified limits. Maintain balanced and trimmed flight.
SKILL	Maintain altitude, heading and balance, by sole reference to instruments, using correct instrument confirmation, and coordinated control application. Maintain altitude, heading and balance, whilst accelerating or decelerating to specific speeds, as determined by the aircraft flight manual, or as specified by the examiner. Complete coordinated level turns at rate 1 and maintain entry speed onto specified headings. Complete coordinated level turns at up to 30 degrees bank whilst maintaining entry speed onto specified headings. Demonstrate correct procedure for pre-flight functional check of autopilot or flight director. Demonstrate correct operating procedure for autopilot or flight director in all modes.
KNOWLEDGE	Procedures for controlling the aircraft in accordance with the POM, aircraft flight manual and operations manual, as appropriate. Autopilot system fitted to the aircraft. Procedures for controlling the aircraft with automatic flight control systems, in accordance with the POM, aircraft flight manual and operations manual, as appropriate.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Maintain awareness of the autopilot modes selected, where applicable; Understand the need for trimmed, in-balance flight when manually flying the aircraft. Effective communication: As applicable to the specific situation. Leadership and teamwork: Aas applicable to the specific situation. Effective workload management: Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ when completing flight log, etc., whilst manually controlling the aircraft. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Prioritise activities to allow maintenance of correct instrument scan.

Climbing and descending turns with sustained rate-1 turn

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Climbing and descending turns with sustained rate-1 turn
OBJECTIVE	Complete a coordinated climb or descent and turn at rate 1 using: the recommended climbing speed; or descent speed and nominated rates of descent for the aircraft.
SKILL	Establish the recommended entry airspeed in straight and level flight. Roll into a coordinated climbing or descending turn with a bank angle commensurate with the speed to produce a rate-1 turn. Maintain the bank angle in a stable, balanced turn. Apply smooth, coordinated pitch, bank, and power adjustments to maintain the specified attitude and airspeed. Roll out of the turn and stabilise the aircraft in straight and level flight. Recover accurately onto the desired heading and at the desired airspeed for straight and level flight.
KNOWLEDGE	Speed and bank angle relationship to establish a rate-1 turn. Recommended climb speed and power settings. Recommended speed and power settings for descent at nominated descent rates.
ATTITUDE	Effective workload management: Demonstrate orientation throughout the manoeuvre. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to departure from stabilised steep turn attitude.

Recovery from unusual attitudes, including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending turns

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Recovery from unusual attitudes, including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending turns
OBJECTIVE	Recover from unusual attitudes, including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending turns using the correct technique to minimise height loss.
SKILL	Interpretation of the instrument displays to identify the reason behind the unusual attitude. Application of the correct recovery technique. Avoid any indication of an approaching stall, abnormal flight attitude, or exceeding any structural or operating limitation during any part of the manoeuvre.
KNOWLEDGE	Correct recovery technique using ‘full’ panel instruments, as appropriate.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: recognition of unusual attitude; after recovery: why did the aircraft enter the unusual attitude, e.g. distraction, instrument failure, mishandling, hypoxia? after recovery: is the aircraft above safety altitude? which is a safe direction to fly whilst assessing the situation? Effective workload management: Address the situation to recover situation awareness. Effective communication: Advise other crew members of the situation; Advise ATC if appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Communicate and coordinate, as appropriate, during the recovery manoeuvre. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React promptly to departure from controlled flight.

Recovery from approach to stall in level flight, climbing/descending turns and in landing configuration

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Recovery from approach to stall in level flight, climbing/descending turns and in landing configuration (may be performed in an FSTD, if approved for this procedure)
OBJECTIVE	Demonstrate how to conduct appropriate safety checks before stalling. Establish the required aircraft configuration and stall entry, as appropriate, from straight and level or manoeuvring flight. Maintain heading (or 10–30° bank angle, as required) to stall entry. Recognise the symptoms of stall or approaching stall, and initiate the correct recovery action. Recover, using the correct techniques, to return to a clean configuration best rate climb, or as otherwise directed by the examiner. Complete all the necessary checks and drills.
SKILL	Select an entry altitude in accordance with safety requirements. When accomplished in an FSTD, the entry altitude may be at low, intermediate or high altitude as appropriate for the aircraft and the configuration. Slowly establish the pitch attitude (using trim, elevator or stabiliser), bank angle, and power setting that will induce stall at the desired target airspeed. Normal trim should be used as the aircraft speed reduces, with trim at different, or as stated in the flight manual restrictions. Recognise and announce the first indication of a stall appropriate to the specific aircraft design and initiate recovery. Recover to a reference airspeed, altitude and heading, allowing only the acceptable altitude or airspeed loss and heading deviation using the procedures described in the aircraft flight manual or operator safety manual, as applicable. Demonstrate smooth, positive control during entry, approach to a stall, and recovery.
KNOWLEDGE	Academic knowledge. Limitations. Safety procedures before starting with stall exercises. Stall recovery procedures and techniques. Flight manual. Operator safety manual.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Ensure the aircraft is in a safe area and clear of hazards prior to accomplishing an approach to a stall. Effective communication: Communicate and coordinate. Leadership and teamwork: Coordinate to ensure that there is adequate separation from other aircraft before initiating the stall. Effective workload management: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: As applicable to the specific situation.

Limited panel instrument flight: stabilised climb or descent, level turns at rate 1 onto given headings, recovery from unusual attitudes

Module 1: Pre-flight operations and general handling (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Limited panel instrument flight: stabilised climb or descent, level turns at rate 1 onto given headings, recovery from unusual attitudes — only applicable to aeroplanes NB: Most modern light aircraft are now fitted with a ‘standby’ horizon in addition to or instead of turn rate gyros. Where this is the case, the pilot under training is to be taught these exercises using the ‘standby’ horizon.
OBJECTIVE	Demonstrate continued control of the aircraft by interpreting aircraft attitude from aircraft standby instruments.
SKILL	Complete flight in straight and level, and climbing and descending, at nominated speeds. Fly turns at rate 1 onto nominated headings using the correct technique and demonstrating correct instrument scan and interpretation. Recover from unusual attitudes including sustained 45° bank turns and steep descending and climbing turns using the correct technique to minimise height loss.
KNOWLEDGE	Demonstrate the theoretical knowledge and understand the dangers of ‘looping error’. Variation of techniques. Limitations of the use of direct-reading compass systems.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: recognition of the reason behind the unusual attitude; after recovery: why did the aircraft enter the unusual attitude, e.g. distraction, instrument failure, mishandling, etc.? after recovery: is the aircraft above safety altitude? which is a safe direction to fly whilst assessing the situation? Effective workload management: Address the situation to recover situation awareness. Effective communication: Advise ATC if appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Communicate and coordinate as appropriate. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React promptly to departure from controlled flight.

(2)Module 2: Departure, precision (3D) approach procedures and non-precision (2D) approach procedures Weather minima

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach
Weather minima
OBJECTIVE	Confirmation of weather affecting departure, route, destination and diversion; acceptability for the flight. Determination of the expected instrument approach minimum heights/altitudes in accordance with NCO requirements.
SKILL	Ability to interpret published weather charts such as synoptic charts and coded messages (TAF, METAR, SNOWTAM, etc.).
KNOWLEDGE	Air masses and local weather effects. Weather codes. NCO requirements.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Be able to interpret and understand the weather factors and all the associated potential hazards likely to affect the planned flight; Assess correctly whether the weather minima required at destination and diversion airfields are satisfactory for the conduct of the flight. Effective communication: As applicable to the specific situation. Leadership and teamwork: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective workload management: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decisions based on available weather information.

Pre-take-off briefing, take-off

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach
Pre-take-off briefing, take-off
OBJECTIVE	Perform a safe take-off in compliance with ATC clearance, procedure margins and within the flight manual limits taking into account environmental conditions. Obtain ATC clearance for departure, flight deck preparation, confirmation of departure, and passenger emergency briefing. Actions to be taken with regard to the aeroplane if an emergency occurs during departure should be covered in the pre-flight main briefing.
SKILL	Obtain appropriate take-off clearance using standard RTF phraseology, and perform all required pre-take-off checks (including visually scanning for other aircraft). Position the aircraft correctly for take-off taking into account any crosswind condition. Apply the controls correctly to maintain longitudinal alignment on the centre line of the runway prior to initiating and during the take-off. Set the throttle(s) to take-off power with appropriate checks (e.g. verify the expected engine performance, monitor engine controls, settings and instruments during take-off to ensure all predetermined parameters are maintained). Use the correct take-off technique by applying recommended speeds for rotation, lift-off and initial climb. Adjust the controls to attain the desired pitch attitude at the predetermined airspeed to obtain the desired performance. Ensure a safe climb and departure in accordance with clearance and with due regard for other air traffic, noise abatement and wake turbulence avoidance procedures, adjusting power and aircraft configuration, and maintain desired path (or heading) as appropriate. Complete all necessary post-take-off checks. Perform or call for and verify the accomplishment of landing gear and flap retractions, power adjustments, and other required pilot-related activities at the required airspeeds within the tolerances established in the flight manual.
KNOWLEDGE	Limitations, procedure margins. Normal procedures (understand the different techniques dependent on varying flap settings and environmental conditions). Abnormal and emergency procedures. Performance. Applicable rules on wake turbulence separation.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Monitor engine parameters for any deviations; Monitor aircraft acceleration during take-off; Monitor aircraft ground and flight path at all stages of the take-off procedure. Effective communication: Demonstrate effective communication with ATC (as applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate effective coordination with ATC (as applicable). Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Correctly assess take-off and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles and weather, and have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

Instrument departure procedures, altimeter setting

Module 2: Departure and arrivals, 3D approach and 2D approach
Instrument departure procedures, altimeter setting (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
OBJECTIVE	Complete the standard instrument departure (SID) procedure or follow the ATC departure instructions; use the correct altimeter-setting procedure; maintain aeroplane control, speed, heading and level.
SKILL	Identify any navigation aids used. Follow any noise routing or departure procedures and ATC clearances. Take appropriate anti-icing/de-icing actions. Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed departure. Make correct use of instruments, flight director, autopilot, navigation equipment and communication equipment appropriate to the performance of the departure. Intercept and follow, in a timely manner, all courses, radials and bearings (QDM/QDRs) appropriate to the departure route and ATC clearance. Comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions and restrictions. Perform the aircraft briefing or checklist items appropriate to the departure. Adhere to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC and the flight manual. Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude, headings and accurately track radials, courses, and bearing. Complete the appropriate checklist.
KNOWLEDGE	Weather phenomena, particularly the conditions favouring the formation of ice on the airframe and engines. Limitations of the use of ground-based navigation aids. Limitations of the use of RNAV (GNSS) derived navigational information. Division of airspace and altimeter-setting procedures associated with the current airspace environment. The departure procedure in use and the safety implications of not adhering to the procedure. Altimetry procedures in accordance with the applicable regulations.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Understanding of any clearance limits or variations to SID/initial departure clearance instructed by ATC; Awareness of the aircraft performance and the ability to conform to ATC clearances (speed, height, time limits, etc.). Effective communication: Demonstrate correct communication with ATC (where applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Prioritise attention properly between aircraft control, navigation and communication tasks. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make the necessary decisions to mitigate the effect of changing conditions that may affect aircraft (weather, navigation aid serviceability, ATC, etc.).

Holding procedure

Common to both 3D and 2D procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Holding procedure
OBJECTIVE	Complete the appropriate entry procedure followed by a standard ICAO holding fix, using information in order to maintain the protected area.
SKILL	Make appropriate adjustments in order to arrive over the holding fix as close as possible to the ‘expected approach time’, if required. Recognise arrival at the clearance limit or holding fix. Comply with ATC reporting requirements. Change to the recommended holding airspeed appropriate for the aircraft and holding altitude, so as to cross the holding fix at or below the maximum holding airspeed. Follow the appropriate entry procedures in accordance with standard operational procedures or as required by ATC. Use the correct timing criteria where required by the holding procedure or ATC. Use wind-drift correction techniques accurately to maintain the appropriate joining and holding pattern and to establish and maintain the correct tracks and bearings. Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude and headings accurately to establish and maintain the correct tracks and bearings. Make appropriate adjustments to the procedure timing to allow for the effects of known wind.
KNOWLEDGE	Holding endurance, including but not necessarily limited to fuel on board. Fuel flow while holding. Fuel required to alternate, etc.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared holding pattern. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities

Module 2: 3D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities
OBJECTIVE	Use of navigation aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation. Use the RAIM prediction, if applicable. Use the correct RNP approach specifications (LPV, LNAV/VNAV).
SKILL	Set and identify relevant navigation aids. Confirm the availability and serviceability of selected navigation equipment.
KNOWLEDGE	Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems. RNP approach specifications (LPV, LNAV/VNAV).
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Select radio aids appropriate to the intended approach; PBN limitations; Temperature limitations (LNAV/VNAV). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure safe flight profile whilst selecting and checking radio aids. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Arrival procedures, altimeter checks

Module 2: 3D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Arrival procedures, altimeter checks
OBJECTIVE	Descent planning and consideration of minimum sector altitude (MSA) or terminal arrival altitude (TAA). Completion of the published arrival procedure or as instructed by ATC, including altimeter setting or protected area, ATC liaison and RTF procedures.
SKILL	Set and cross-check the appropriate altimeter settings. Use the correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances. Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed for the phase of the approach. Comply with the published arrival procedure or as required by ATC. Interpretation of arrival charts.
KNOWLEDGE	Altimetry procedures in accordance with the applicable regulations. Knowledge of legends used in the approach charts. Understanding of ATC procedures and RTF phraseology for the type of approach to be completed. Knowledge of RNP arrival procedure.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC, as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: react to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach

Module 2: 3D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach
OBJECTIVE	The approach briefing including weather and confirmation of instrument approach procedure minima, and applicable procedures.
SKILL	Complete the checks for landing and configure the aircraft appropriately. Complete a short self-briefing with regard to arrival, holding, approach, minima, weather conditions, associated performances, taxiing and missed approach procedure.
KNOWLEDGE	Use of checklist as appropriate. Determination of approach minima. Make the necessary adjustments to the published approach minima criteria for the aircraft approach category, and with due regard for: NOTAMs; inoperative navigation equipment; inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment; reported weather conditions; aircraft status (effects of any inoperative systems).
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Aircraft technical status. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Compliance with published approach procedure

Module 2: 3D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Compliance with published approach procedure
OBJECTIVE	Compliance with the published 3D approach procedure. Vertical and horizontal profile to the nominated minima in accordance with protected areas.
SKILL	Manage the appropriate source of navigation system. Complete the manoeuvring pattern as required to establish the final approach segment within the specified flight tolerances. Establish a predetermined rate of descent at the point where the glide path begins, in order to follow the glide path. Intercept and track within the prescribed limits. Interpretation of approach chart.
KNOWLEDGE	Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems. Correctly interpret and understand the procedure to be flown from the approach chart for runway and procedure in use. Autopilot and flight director limitations. Software and capacity system.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Altitude, speed, heading control (stabilised approach)

Module 2: 3D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Altitude, speed, heading control (stabilised approach)
OBJECTIVE	Establish a stabilised approach, in trim for the aeroplane configuration and speed, using the correct techniques for attitude, heading and power control. Correct assessment of track and vertical path.
SKILL	Establish the final approach and maintain the approach path in horizontal and vertical profile to minima. Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable approach path. Arrive at the minima on a stabilised approach in order to make a correct decision to perform a landing, go-around or circling approach safely. Prepare backup radio aids for continued approach in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure. Use correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.
KNOWLEDGE	Horizontal and vertical tolerances. Actions to be taken in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure. Procedure in the event of loss of communication with ATC. Procedure in the event of loss of integrity.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Confirm that approach is stabilised. Effective communication: Advise ATC if appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable); Procedures for loss of approach capability. Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile remains safe. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decision to abandon approach if required.

Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities

Module 2: 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Setting and checking of navigation aids, identification of facilities
OBJECTIVE	Use of navigation aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation. Use the RAIM prediction, if applicable. Use the correct RNP approach specifications. Calculate the true altitude as required.
SKILL	Set and identify relevant navigation aids. Confirm the availability and serviceability of selected navigation equipment.
KNOWLEDGE	Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems. RNP approach specifications (LNAV). True altitude corrections for temperature.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Select radio aids appropriate to the intended approach. Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure safe flight profile whilst selecting and checking radio aids. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Arrival procedures, altimeter checks

Module 2: 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Arrival procedures, altimeter checks
OBJECTIVE	Descent planning and consideration of MSA or TAA. Completion of the published arrival procedure or as instructed by ATC, including altimeter setting or protected area, ATC liaison and RTF procedures.
SKILL	Set and cross-check the appropriate altimeter settings. Use the correct RTF procedures and terminology and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances. Establish the appropriate aircraft configuration and airspeed for the phase of the approach. Comply with the published arrival procedure or as required by ATC. Interpretation of arrival charts.
KNOWLEDGE	Altimetry procedures, in accordance with the applicable regulations. Knowledge of the legends used in the approach charts. Understanding of ATC procedures and RTF phraseology for the type of approach to be completed. Knowledge of RNP arrival procedure.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; PBN protected area. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach

Module 2: 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Approach and landing briefing, including descent, approach, landing checks and missed approach
OBJECTIVE	The approach briefing including weather and confirmation of instrument approach procedure minima, and applicable procedures.
SKILL	Complete the landing and configure the aircraft as appropriate. Complete a short self-briefing with regard to arrival, holding, approach, minima, weather conditions, associated performances, taxiing and missed approach procedure.
KNOWLEDGE	Use of checklist as appropriate. Determination of approach minima. Adjustments necessary to the published approach minima criteria for the aircraft approach category, and with due regard for: NOTAMs; inoperative navigation equipment; inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment; reported weather conditions.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Aircraft technical status. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Compliance with published approach procedure

Module 2: 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Compliance with published 2D approach procedure
OBJECTIVE	Compliance with the published approach procedure. Vertical and horizontal profile to the nominated minima in accordance with protected areas. Use of the CDFA technique where appropriate.
SKILL	Manage the appropriate source of navigation system. Select and comply with the appropriate 2D instrument approach procedure. Complete the manoeuvring pattern as required to establish the final approach segment within the specified flight tolerances and protected area. Establish a predetermined rate of descent in order to follow the published path. Intercept and track the final approach track within the prescribed limits. Interpretation of approach chart. Ability to interpret deviation. Correct selection of navigation input to the display.
KNOWLEDGE	Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems. Correctly interpret and understand the procedure to be flown from the approach chart for runway and procedure in use. CDFA technique where appropriate. Autopilot and flight director limitations.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making; React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Altitude, speed and heading control (stabilised approach)

Module 2: 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Altitude, speed and heading control (stabilised approach)
OBJECTIVE	Establish a stabilised approach, in trim for the aeroplane configuration and speed, using the correct techniques for attitude, heading and power control. Correct assessment of track and rate of descent or vertical path angle.
SKILL	Establish the final approach and maintain the approach path in horizontal and vertical profile to minima. Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable final approach. Arrive at the minima on a stabilised approach in order to make a correct decision to perform a landing, go-around or circling approach safely. Prepare backup radio aids for continued approach in the event of radio aid or display equipment failure. Use correct RTF procedures and terminology, and comply with all ATC instructions and clearances.
KNOWLEDGE	Horizontal and vertical tolerances. Actions to be taken in the event of radio aid/display equipment failure. Procedure in the event of loss of communication with ATC. Procedure in the event of loss of integrity.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Confirm that the approach is stabilised. Effective communication: Advise ATC if appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable); Procedures for loss-of-approach capability. Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile remains safe. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decision to abandon approach if required.

Approach timing

Module 2: Specificities of conventional 2D approach procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Approach timing
OBJECTIVE	Monitor or control the approach procedure using timing as necessary.
SKILL	Where DME information from ground-based beacons (VOR or NDB) or marker is not available, the applicant makes appropriate adjustments to the procedure timing to allow for the effects of known wind.
KNOWLEDGE	Use of wind-effect correction techniques. Use of wind-drift correction techniques to maintain the correct tracks, bearings and approximate distances.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Understand when approach timing techniques are required; Understand the impact required on the descent technique for the intermediate approach phase. Effective workload management: Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ whilst controlling the aircraft in order to apply wind-corrected timing. Effective communication: As applicable to the specific situation. Leadership and teamwork: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: As applicable to the specific situation.

Go-around and missed approach action

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Go-around and missed approach action
OBJECTIVE	Make a smooth transition to a climb at the correct speed and complete the checks when: (1) reaching the minima; (2) directed by ATC; (3) being in an unstabilised approach; (4) experiencing a loss of integrity; or (5) any other reasons affecting safety approach.
SKILL	Initiate go-around action in case of unstabilised approach or loss of integrity. Initiate go-around action at or above minima if safe landing is not possible. Control the aircraft as necessary to achieve a stable and trimmed initial climb profile. Ensure a safe climb and departure in accordance with ATC clearance and with due regard for other air traffic, noise abatement and wake turbulence avoidance procedures adjusting power and aircraft configuration, and maintain desired path (or heading) as appropriate. Complete all necessary procedures and checks. Select the missed approach if available.
KNOWLEDGE	Go-around procedure. Aircraft limitations for landing gear retraction, flap retraction and power plant. Necessary RTF procedures. Performance limitation. Climb gradient. Protected areas. RNP approach specifications.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Monitor aircraft flight path at all stages of the go-around. Effective communication: Demonstrate effective communication (as applicable); Communicate with ATC when safe to do so. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate effective coordination with ATC (as applicable). Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Correctly assess go-around and climb hazards, particularly those related to other aircraft, aerodrome infrastructure, obstacles and weather, and have a strategy to mitigate the threats.

Landing

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Landing
OBJECTIVE	(A) Visual landing or circle for landing, as appropriate, in a safe and controlled manner. (B) Define a strategy for track management in case of missed approach or go-around in the circle to land.
SKILL	Landing: acquire the required visual references and continue to land the aircraft; make a smooth transition from instrument to visual flight; join smoothly, if necessary, the visual approach flight path; maintain a stable (speed, power, heading) approach until the flare; complete post-landing checklist.
KNOWLEDGE	Flight manual. Limitations. Normal procedures: Demonstrate adequate judgement and knowledge of the aircraft performance and systems in order to comply with published approach procedures for the equipment used for the approach.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); Balked landing. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the approach procedure. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to deviation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures

Module 2: Common to both 3D and 2D procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures
OBJECTIVE	Use correct and standard RTF phraseology throughout. Where appropriate, obtain ATC clearances and appropriate level of service. Where required, comply with ATC clearances and instructions.
SKILL	Comply with all ATC instructions and clearances. Use correct RTF for ILS reporting procedure.
KNOWLEDGE	ICAO standard phraseology. Pilot/controller responsibilities to include tower en-route control and clearance. Demonstrate adequate knowledge of two-way communications failure procedures.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Copy correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Interpret correctly the ATC clearance received and, when necessary, request clarification, verification, or change.

(3)Module 3: En-route IFR procedures Use of air traffic services document and weather document

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Use of air traffic services document and weather document
OBJECTIVE	Use of the correct documents, including maps. Use of charts and approach procedure plates to prepare flight plan and flight log. Collating and interpreting weather documents to determine the route weather.
SKILL	Ensure all required paperwork is correctly completed prior to the flight. Interpretation of weather charts and coded messages (TAF, METAR, etc.).
KNOWLEDGE	Weather factors that may affect the safe conduct of the flight (thunderstorms, fog, strong winds, gust factor, crosswinds at departure and destination aerodromes, snow, icing, etc.). Type of approach to be flown, how to calculate approach minima from charts, operational limitations of ground-based aids when planning route, ability to interpret SID and STAR charts. Coordination with ATC when submitting flight plan, implications of ‘calculated take-off time’, etc.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Note potential weather hazards and act accordingly, submit flight plan in good time for planned departure. Effective communication: Communicate with ATC and ground crew to ensure timely start. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct crew coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Prioritise tasks to produce a safe and effective plan for the conduct of the flight. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Identify possible defects and threats; Take corrective action.

Preparation of ATC flight plan and IFR flight plan or log

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Preparation of ATC flight plan and IFR flight plan or log
OBJECTIVE	Preparation of the ATC IFR flight plan for the route, including any off-airway sectors, and preparation of a full navigation and RTF flight log.
SKILL	Prepare the flight navigation log, update maps and charts, flight plan, and fuel plan. Obtain and assess all elements of the prevailing and forecast weather conditions for the route and evaluate threats (e.g. icing conditions, convection, wind conditions, potential deterioration below minima). Complete an appropriate flight navigation log. Complete the required ATC flight plan(s) and ensure that all required airfields are addressed. Determine that the aeroplane is correctly fuelled, loaded and legal for the flight. Confirm any aeroplane performance criteria and limitations applicable in relation to runway and weather conditions.
KNOWLEDGE	Demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the regulatory requirements relating to instrument flight.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: (1) Understand the responsibilities of proper pre-departure planning and preparations; (2) Appropriate threat and error management for the flight Effective communication: Ensure appropriate and clear communication with all ground service personnel (ATC, dispatch, MET). Leadership and teamwork. Effective workload management: Provide sufficient time, and manage the workload for departure procedures (including documentation) to be completed in an efficient manner. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decisions on all identified threats, and plan and implement suitable mitigation actions.

Tracking, including interception, e.g. NDB, VOR, RNAV

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Tracking, including interception, e.g. NDB, VOR, RNAV
OBJECTIVE	Intercept and maintain the route or amended route, including tracking to and from a position derived from NDB or VOR or RNAV (GNSS) using aircraft display. Follow the flight-planned route or any other ATC route requirements within the specified limits. Identify and use navigation systems correctly. Use the correct altimeter setting procedures and show awareness of protected areas.
SKILL	Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight. Intercept, in a timely manner, all courses, radials and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, and ATC clearance. Comply, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions and restrictions. Perform the aircraft briefing or checklist items appropriate to the arrival. Adhere to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC and aircraft flight manual. Maintain the appropriate airspeed, altitude and heading, and accurately track radials, courses and bearing (QDM/QDRs).
KNOWLEDGE	Basic instrument rating knowledge. Proper ATC phraseology. Demonstrate adequate knowledge of: flight manual; limitations; instrument patterns; two-way communications failure procedures. Systems: communication, navigation and auto-flight systems. PBN specifications.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Awareness of aircraft position in space. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Communicate with ATC as appropriate. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Monitor to ensure that the flight profile complies with the cleared en-route routing. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Use of radio aids

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures (must be performed by sole reference to instruments)
Use of radio aids
OBJECTIVE	Correct use of RNAV system and radio aids with regard to promulgated range, identification and interpretation. Use of ATIS/VOLMET where available.
SKILL	Use the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight. Select a combination of radio aids that allow the aircraft position to be correctly determined. Manage the display of such aids so that the navigational information is readily available. Correctly identify the chosen radio aids using Morse code where appropriate, i.e. when there is no ‘auto-ident’. Correctly assess the functionality of radio aids, including RNAV, before using them for navigation. Correctly check receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) of GNSS systems, if applicable. Correctly input navigation planning data into the GNSS system where appropriate.
KNOWLEDGE	Demonstrate the theoretical knowledge and understanding of: the limitations and errors of VOR and NDB, the limitations and errors of VOR and NDB receivers in the aircraft, and the resulting potential navigational error; information pertinent to radio aids or RNAV operations contained in NOTAMs; correct identification of ground-based radio aids; the radio aid equipment and associated displays fitted to the aircraft. Identify when a ground-based radio aid is radiating but the signal is not available for navigation.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Monitor flight progress and select the appropriate navigation systems to enable successful completion of the planned route; Awareness of aircraft position in space. Effective communication: As applicable to the specific situation. Leadership and teamwork: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective workload management: Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ appropriately whilst controlling the aircraft and reset navigation aids. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: React to navigation errors or unexpected systems malfunctions.

Level flight, control of heading, attitude and airspeed, power-setting, trim technique

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Level flight, control of heading, attitude and airspeed, power-setting, trim technique
OBJECTIVE	Smooth control of heading, attitude and airspeed, power, trim and ancillary controls. Correct use of autopilot where appropriate. Demonstrate correct technique for instrument flight manoeuvring within specified limits. Maintain balanced and trimmed flight.
SKILL	Maintain altitude, heading and balance, by sole reference to instruments, using correct instrument confirmation, and coordinated control application. Maintain altitude, heading and balance, whilst accelerating or decelerating to specific speeds, as determined by the aircraft flight manual. Demonstrate correct procedure for pre-flight functional check of autopilot, flight director and aircraft navigation system, as applicable. Demonstrate correct operating procedure for aircraft navigation systems, autopilot or flight director in all modes.
KNOWLEDGE	Procedures for controlling the aircraft in accordance with the aircraft flight manual and flight manual, as appropriate. Autopilot, flight director and navigation system fitted to the aircraft.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Maintain awareness of the autopilot modes selected, where applicable; Understand the need for trimmed, in-balance flight when manually flying the aircraft; Maintain adequate scan rate before, during and after execution of any manoeuvre by reference to instruments and autopilot performance. Effective communication: As applicable to the specific situation. Leadership and teamwork: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective workload management: Use an appropriate ‘division of attention’ when completing flight log, etc., whilst manually controlling the aircraft. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Prioritise activities to allow maintenance of correct instrument scan.

Altimeter setting

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Altimeter setting
OBJECTIVE	Follow the altimeter-setting procedure, and cross-check and monitor en-route protected areas.
SKILL	Correct use and interpretation of altimeter subscale setting. Cross-check against a second altimeter.
KNOWLEDGE	National procedures, if different, regarding altimeter settings for the airspace the aircraft is occupying. Effects of extremely low temperatures on altimeter indications. Limitations and errors in altimeters due to construction or systems installed in the aircraft, etc.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Understand the airspace structure and make appropriate altimeter settings; Be aware of minimum safe altitude, sector safe altitude, etc. Effective workload management: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective communication: Use appropriate RTF procedures to update pressure settings. Leadership and teamwork: As applicable to the specific situation. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Where necessary, identify and make appropriate decisions when confronted with system failures.

Timing and revision of estimated time of arrival (ETA) (en-route hold, if required)

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Timing and revision of estimated time of arrival (ETA) (en-route hold, if required)
OBJECTIVE	Understand the flight plan, and that the clearance is to be completed correctly.
SKILL	Use appropriate and up-to-date aeronautical charts. Extract and record pertinent information from NOTAMs, the aerodrome or facility directory, and other flight publications. Plot a course for the intended route of flight. Select the most favourable altitudes. Compute headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.
KNOWLEDGE	Weather reports and forecasts. Pilot and radar reports. Winds and temperatures aloft. ATC procedures related to timing, e.g. update of ETA if changed by ± 3 minutes, clearance limit, etc.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Identify airspace, obstructions, and terrain features. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Demonstrate correct communication with ATC (where applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Select the appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Deal with unexpected navigation errors or systems malfunctions.

Monitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage and management, systems management

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Monitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage and management, systems management
OBJECTIVE	Maintain a flight log by recording sufficient information. Monitor the engine and aircraft systems throughout the flight. Monitor fuel consumption versus fuel available and fuel required throughout the flight.
SKILL	Follow the flight plan route in accordance with ATC. Navigate by means of an appropriate navigation system for the cleared route. Use the correct altimetry procedures. Verify the aircraft’s position in relation to the flight-planned route. Correctly assess track error and make suitable adjustments to heading. Correct and record the differences between pre-flight fuel, ground speed, and heading and time calculations and those determined en-route. Complete all appropriate checklists. Manage the flight in accordance with minimum altitude.
KNOWLEDGE	Part-SERA requirements and national rules regarding use of aerodromes procedures. Policy concerning IFR flights (e.g. national procedures in the AIP). Services expected in different classes of airspace. Danger restricted, and prohibited areas. Minimum altitude and protected areas.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Identify airspace and minimum altitudes. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Demonstrate correct communication (where applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Select appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Deal with unexpected navigation errors or systems malfunctions.

Ice protection procedures, simulated if necessary

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
Ice protection procedures, simulated if necessary
OBJECTIVE	Monitoring of outside air temperature (OAT), icing risk and ice accretion rate (on FSTD if necessary); correct use of anti-icing and de-icing procedures. Manage flight in icing conditions.
SKILL	Assessment of ice accretion on aircraft. Appropriate selection of anti-icing or de-icing systems. Adapt the aircraft speed to stay within the flight manual limitations, if any. Adapt the performance within the icing conditions. Decision-making to avoid icing conditions.
KNOWLEDGE	Weather reports and forecasts. ATC, pilot and radar reports. Surface analysis charts. Ground radar summary charts. Significant weather prognostics. Forecast upper wind and temperature for aviation (WINTEM). Freezing level. SIGMETs. ATIS and VOLMET reports. Aircraft anti-icing and de-icing system limitations. Significant weather chart (TEMSI).
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Understand the environmental conditions which can lead to the formation of ice on the aircraft; Assess when ice accretion is outside the capability of the aircraft systems. Effective communication: Liaise with ATC to avoid known icing conditions; Request change of route or level to avoid icing conditions. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Select appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Deal with unexpected encounters with icing conditions or systems malfunctions; Seek reroute or change of level in a timely manner.

ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures

Module 3: En-route IFR procedures
ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures
OBJECTIVE	ATC liaison using the correct RTF procedures and phraseology, and compliance with ATC procedures and clearances.
SKILL	Follow the flight-planned route or any other ATC route requirements within the specified operating limits. Identify and use navigation systems correctly. Monitor whether ATC clearance is in accordance with a safe flight. Use the correct RTF procedures and phraseology.
KNOWLEDGE	ICAO (language proficiency level 4, as a minimum) and national RTF procedures.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Establish communication with ATC on the correct frequencies and at the appropriate times; Identify airspace, and understand ATC clearances. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received; Demonstrate correct communication with ATC (where applicable). Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Select the appropriate navigation systems or facilities and communication frequencies. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Deal with unexpected navigation errors or systems malfunctions.

(4)Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only) Simulated engine failure after take-off or during go-around

Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only) (must be performed by sole reference to instruments) (Multi-engine aeroplanes only)
Simulated engine failure after take-off or during go-around (at a safe altitude unless conducted in an adapted FSTD)
OBJECTIVE	Maintain the flight path after take-off or during go-around with one engine inoperative. Comply with ATC instructions.
SKILL	Maintain control following engine failure with sole reference to instruments. Prepare a strategy in case of engine failure or go-around. Calculate one-engine-inoperative performance. Adapt minima on take-off or in approach in accordance with the performance. Carry out the recommended emergency procedures.
KNOWLEDGE	Operating manual: all systems; limitations; abnormal procedures; Part-NCO; performance; CS-23. Operator policy dedicated to failure during take-off: in particular, operator engine-out path during take-off.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Recognise engine failure, and confirm correct engine; Performance limitations; Strategy threats. Effective communication: Communicate appropriately with ATC. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Apply appropriate abnormal or emergency procedures, time permitting, to resolve reason for engine failure; Management of flight path close to the ground. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Identify critical situation and make timely decision on suitable actions to carry out a safe asymmetric flight path.

Approach, go-around and procedural missed approach with one engine inoperative

Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only) (must be performed by sole reference to instruments) (Multi-engine aeroplanes only)
Approach, go-around and procedural missed approach with one engine inoperative
OBJECTIVE	Manage IFR approach path during engine failure. Maintain a stable approach in the correct configuration. Make a clear decision to land or go around no later than the appropriate committal height or minima. Complete asymmetric approach and go-around into visual circuit, circling approach or further instrument approach, maintaining control and correct speeds. Initiate go-around action in case of destabilised approach. Complete procedures and checks.
SKILL	Apply the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establish a pitch attitude necessary to achieve the desired performance. Retract the wing flaps or drag devices and landing gear, if appropriate, in the correct sequence. Accomplish the appropriate procedures or checklist items in a timely manner in accordance with the flight manual.
KNOWLEDGE	Flight manual: all systems; limitations; abnormal procedures; patterns; Part-NCO; performance; CS-23. Operator policy dedicated to approach stabilisation criteria.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Recognise whether the approach profile is stabilised. Effective communication: Communicate appropriately with ATC. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Apply appropriate abnormal procedures for asymmetric approach and go-around. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Identify whether a critical situation is occurring due to inappropriate approach profile; Make a timely decision to execute a go-around.

Approach and landing with one engine inoperative

Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only) (must be performed by sole reference to instruments) (Multi-engine aeroplanes only)
Approach and landing with one engine inoperative
OBJECTIVE	Establish the approach and landing configuration appropriate for the selected runway and prevailing meteorological conditions, and adjust the engine controls as required. Complete the applicable pre-landing checklist. Maintain a stabilised approach at the desired airspeed. Maintain the operating engine(s) within acceptable operating limits. Accomplish a smooth, positively controlled transition from instrument reference to visual reference. Join smoothly, if necessary, the visual approach flight path. Complete the applicable post-landing briefing or checklist items in a timely manner, after clearing the runway, and as recommended by the manufacturer.
SKILL	Consider the actual weather and wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions. Maintain a stable approach in the correct configuration. Plan and follow suitable approach pattern and orientation with the landing runway. Establish the correct approach configuration, adjusting speed and rate of descent to maintain a stabilised approach path. Make a clear decision to land or go around no later than the appropriate committal height or minima. Select and achieve the appropriate touchdown area at the required speed.
KNOWLEDGE	Flight manual: all systems; limitations; abnormal procedures; patterns; Part-NCO; performance; CS-23. (B) Understand the factors affecting asymmetric committal height/altitude (ACH/A).
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Recognise whether the approach profile is stabilised, leading to a safe asymmetric landing. Effective communication: Liaise with ATC. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Apply appropriate abnormal procedures for asymmetric approach and landing. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Make appropriate decision at asymmetric committal height (ACH) to commit to final flap selection and landing.

ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures

Module 4: Optional flight with one engine inoperative (multi-engine aeroplanes only) (must be performed by sole reference to instruments) (Multi-engine aeroplanes only)
ATC liaison — compliance, RTF procedures
OBJECTIVE	Inform ATC of abnormal flight condition and any assistance required. Comply with ATC procedures and instructions.
SKILL	Use standard RTF phraseology as far as possible and plain language as required when declaring an emergency. Seek assistance as appropriate.
KNOWLEDGE	ICAO (language proficiency level 4 or higher) standard phraseology.
ATTITUDE	Situation awareness: Communicate with ATC that an emergency has occurred. Effective communication: Read back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received. Leadership and teamwork: Demonstrate correct coordination with ATC (where applicable). Effective workload management: Copy correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued. Effective problem-solving and decision-making: Interpret correctly the ATC clearance received and ensure that it is compliant with aircraft in an asymmetric configuration.

AMC · AMC1 FCL.835 — Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 · ED Decision 2025/002/R · Aircrew Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 25 Nov 2025

All rules in SUBPART I – ADDITIONAL RATINGS

Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 25 Nov 2025, extracted 17 Aug 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.

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