GM1 Article 3(14) Definitions

AIRCRAFT TOWING

(a)Towing can be done using a towbar or a towbarless tractor. The GSE may be attached to the main landing gear. Depending on the type of towing vehicle, the operation may involve direct steering from the flight crew compartment by authorised personnel who are in the flight crew compartment at the time of taxiing.

(b)Aircraft towing may have different purposes:

(1)Aircraft maintenance. This operation is performed with no passengers or cargo and with minimum fuel on board the aircraft. This falls outside the scope of Commission Delegated Regulation(EU) 2025/20, as stated in Article 2(3)(g).

(2)Operational/dispatch. This is towing of an aircraft to/from the terminal gate or parking area to/from a remote parking area, with or without passengers, cargo or fuel on board.