| Walking and working airside | 1. Ensure that training is in place and compliance by its personnel with the general safety policies and procedures of the aerodrome and aircraft operators.
2. Assess local risks and job tasks to identify any additional personal protective equipment (PPE) required, such as highvisibility clothing, safety shoes or boots, clothing appropriate for the weather, gloves, face protection or safety goggles.
3. Observe national regulations on health and safety. | 1. Set out the overall design and operation of the airside areas.
2. Set out and ensure the application of general safety policies and procedures such as access to airside, apron discipline and use of PPE. | 1. Set out and ensure the application of general safety rules on aircraft turnaround, such as driving in the vicinity of, walking around and approaching the aircraft.
2. Have a procedure for ensuring aircraft turnaround safety. |
| Vehicle and equipment operation | 1. Ensure that personnel are trained and competent in operating the vehicles and equipment, in accordance with the manufacturers and aircraft operators’ and aerodrome operators’ requirements.
2. Ensure that the organisation’s vehicles and personnel comply with the aerodrome’s driving rules.
3. Use a guide person when positioning equipment when operational procedures require this.
4. Ensure that the vehicles are operated and maintained in accordance with aircraft manufacturers’ specifications, where these are provided.
5. Ensure that vehicle/equipment maintenance schedules are followed and that serviceability checks are conducted. | 1. Develop rules for the operation of vehicles on the apron, including a formal driver training, assessment and licensing scheme for all drivers operating in the movement area.
2. Develop an agreed set of minimum standards for the condition and maintenance of airside vehicles, aligned with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/20.
3. May perform regular vehicle checks.
4. Issue an airside vehicle permit for any vehicle operating airside. | — |
| FOD | 1. Participate in the aerodrome operator’s and aircraft operators’ FOD management programmes and encourage all personnel to adhere to them.
2. Supervisors should constantly be aware of the potential for FOD and be knowledgeable of their area of responsibility and ensure that personnel are aware of and participate in FOD prevention programme efforts.
3. Personnel should be made aware of the hazards of FOD to aircraft and individuals. To measure programme effectiveness, incidents caused by FOD should be reported. | Develop a comprehensive FOD management programme, including detection, prevention and evaluation of FOD at the airport. | Provide awareness training for personnel on the hazards of FOD to aircraft and individuals. |
| Equipment approaching the aircraft | 1. Ensure that personnel are trained according to the operational procedures and instructions provided by the aircraft operators.
2. Ensure that GSE servicing the aircraft is serviceable.
3. Ensure that the GSE does not make contact with the aircraft fuselage.
4. Ensure that, when positioning GSE, adequate clearance is maintained between all GSE and the aircraft to allow vertical movement of the fuselage during the entire GH process.
5. Ensure that each GSE is positioned/parked so as not to hamper other GH activity, especially escape routes of fuel trucks.
6. GSE that interfaces with the aircraft passenger doors should have platforms of sufficient width to allow the aircraft doors to be opened/closed with the equipment in place and the safety rails deployed.
7. When positioning equipment (GSE) , use a guide person as per the operational procedures in the GH manual. Ensure that the guide person, when used, is in a position where they can accurately judge clearances and communicate signals to the driver/operator. Stop immediately when visual contact with the guide person is lost.
8. A guide person is not required if the equipment is fitted with systems (e.g. sensors) that enable the operator to accurately judge clearances and properly move the equipment to and from the aircraft. | | Define the rules to be followed for all equipment approaching the aircraft, including with regard to speed, brake checks, situations where a guide person is needed, clearance from the fuselage and equipment chocking. |
| General safety during aircraft fuelling operations | 1. Ensure that personnel are aware of and take precautions during fuelling operations, regarding the use of portable electronic devices and sources of ignition, and the connection of electrical equipment to the aircraft (e.g. by observing the safety zones and parking restrictions and following emergency procedures in response to fuel spillage.
2. Provide specific training to personnel on safety measures applicable during fuelling with passengers on board.
3. Verify the application of safety measures, in particular the provision of clear areas for the deployment of evacuation slides.
4. Apply the aerodrome’s procedure for safety on the apron during fuelling operations as per Regulation (EU) No 139/2014. | Ensure that all personnel working in apron areas are aware of the safety requirements of Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 on safety on the apron during aircraft fuelling and defuelling operations. | 1. Develop policies and procedures for basic safety during fuelling, including precautions for fuelling with passengers on board.
2. Determine aircraft emergency exits
3. Clarify permission to board or disembark passengers, including PRMs, during refuelling
4. Ensure that the operator’s procedures do not contradict the aerodrome’s procedures for the safety of apron operations during fuelling. |
| Adverse weather conditions | Ensure that the personnel are aware of hazards and precautions to take during adverse weather conditions and that notice of these conditions is communicated to frontline personnel in an effective and timely manner. | 1. Establish procedures to ensure the safety of aerodrome operations in adverse weather conditions and ensure that GH organisations follow them.
2. Ensure that relevant information on adverse weather conditions is provided to aerodrome users in a timely manner, as well as any applicable restrictions to operations, such as low visibility. | 1. Develop policies and procedures for the GH of aircraft during adverse weather conditions. |
| General awareness of dangerous goods | 1. Ensure that the personnel are qualified to identify, handle and load dangerous goods as required by their operational responsibilities.
2. Have procedures to ensure that incidents and accidents involving dangerous goods are reported as required. | Have procedures in place to respond to incidents involving dangerous goods. | Develop policies and procedures for the carriage of dangerous goods on aircraft. |
| Turnaround coordination | 1. Ensure turnaround coordination and apply the aircraft operator’s turnaround plan.
2. A turnaround coordination function should facilitate adherence to the plan. | | Aircraft operators should provide the GH organisation with a turnaround plan. |
| Load planning | Execute load planning in accordance with the aircraft operator’s procedures and instructions, when this service is outsourced. | | 1. Develop procedures in accordance with the air operations requirements to include mass and balance calculations, load planning, production of a load instruction/report, finalisation of a load sheet, lastminute changes and special load NOTOC, as applicable.
2. Ensure that any verbally received load information, which could affect aircraft mass and balance, is documented and communicated to the person responsible for final calculation of mass and balance prior to each flight.
3. Provide instructions for aircraft loading and unloading for each aircraft type. |
| Aircraft arrival | 1. Position the personnel performing the turnaround away from hazard zones.
2. GSE required for aircraft handling should be available, serviceable and positioned well clear of the aircraft path, normally outside the equipment restraint area.
3. Personnel in charge of arrival should conduct a FOD check on the stand prior to aircraft arrival.
4. Ensure that the emergency procedures are understood and the equipment and infrastructure to be used is serviceable.
5. If the GH organisation provides a marshalling service, it should be performed in accordance with the aerodrome operator’s procedures.
6. Standard hand signals and agreed phraseology (if applicable) should be used for all communication between flight crew and ground personnel in accordance with PartSERA.
7. Marshallers and wing walkers should be distinguishable to the flight crew and utilise during daytime operations either wands or mitts of a highly visible colour and during lowvisibility conditions/ nighttime operations lighted wands.
8. Ensure that personnel understand the use of aircraft anticollision lights. When an aircraft has an unserviceable auxiliary power unit (APU), specific procedures should be followed to connect the ground power prior to anticollision lights being switched off.
9. Ensure that the required number of serviceable chocks are available for the aircraft to be chocked. The aircraft should not be approached to position the nosewheel chocks until it has come to a complete stop. Personnel should notify the flight deck crew when the chocks have been inserted. | 1. Ensure that the allocated stand is serviceable and suitable for the aircraft characteristics.
2. Communicate to the GH organisation the initially allocated stand and any changes in a timely manner.
3. When aircraft marshalling is performed by an apron management service provider or aerodrome operator, establish clear procedures for handover of parked aircraft to the GH organisation for the necessary GH services. | 1. Ensure that the phraseology, signals and procedures regarding communication between GH organisation personnel and flight deck for arrival are established (for marshalling, pushback and towing in accordance with PartSERA), practised and used by flight crew when communicating with GH personnel and vice versa.
2. Ensure that procedures for aircraft ground movement are established, including actions before arrival, standard arrival procedure, use of GSE, danger areas and backup communications. |
| PBBs and passenger stairs | Ensure that personnel operating a PBB or passenger stairs are trained and competent to do so and familiar with the safety features of the equipment they are operating. | 1. Make available training standards and procedures for the use of each type of PBB operated at the airport.
2. Ensure that any thirdparty operating a PBB is trained to do so in accordance with the established training programme. | Develop policies and procedures for the use of PBBs and stairs on the operator’s aircraft, including operation of doors and communication with the cabin crew. |
| Ground power and preconditioned air units | Ensure that personnel operating mobile or fixed ground power and preconditioned air units are qualified and familiar with the features of the equipment they are operating. | 1. Make available training material and procedures for the use of fixed ground power and preconditioned air units.
2. Ensure that fixed ground power and preconditioned air units are serviceable and adapted to the aircraft’s requirements.
3. Ensure that any equipment that is inoperable is removed from service immediately and that users are notified. | Develop policies and procedures for the use of ground power and preconditioned air on the operator’s aircraft, including sequencing and communication with the flight and cabin crew. |
| Loading and unloading | Ensure that personnel assigned to perform loading and unloading functions are properly trained and qualified. Training includes manual handling, understanding of loading instruction forms and loading reports, reporting of the final load (including deviations), lastminute changes, ULD serviceability, aircraft hold inspection, tipping tendency. | Ensure that ULDs can be stored in a safe and convenient place within the airport area. | Develop policies and procedures for the loading and unloading of the aircraft, which may include the operation of cargo doors, load classifications and priorities, sequencing, load securing, special precautions for fire detection systems in the aircraft hold and special loads such as live animals, dangerous goods, urgently required aircraft parts and other aircraft operator materials. |
| Elevating equipment (for cargo and catering loading/unloading) | Ensure that personnel operating elevating equipment are qualified to do so and familiar with the features of the equipment they are operating. | | Develop policies and procedures regarding proximity restrictions; door operation; the use of elevating equipment on the aircraft; the use of chocks/stabilisers. |
| Toilet and potable water servicing | Ensure that personnel performing toilet and potable water servicing are qualified to do so and familiar with the features of the equipment they are operating. | 1. Provide facilities to uplift potable water and dispose of aircraft toilet waste.
2. Coordinate with the GH organisation to ensure that adequate procedures are in place to manage any spillages during toilet servicing in accordance with local health, safety and environmental regulations. | Develop policies and procedures for toilet and water servicing, including liquid quantities required for specific aircraft potable water and toilet configurations. |
| Air start units | Ensure that personnel performing air start procedures are trained and qualified to do so and familiar with the features of the equipment they are operating. Training includes precautions that should be taken to ensure correct and safe connection to the aircraft and operator communication with the flight crew and other team members. | In the case of air start engine startup on the stand, establish special precautions regarding jet blast. | Establish policies and procedures for the use of an air start unit on the aircraft. |
| Aircraft departure | 1. Ensure protection against jet blast and engine ingestion effects.
2. Ensure that personnel performing aircraft departure procedures are trained and qualified for the method being utilised (pushback, taxiout or power back) and familiar with the features of any equipment they are operating. Training includes:
a. aircraft predeparture inspection;
b. predeparture stand checking, including FOD inspection;
c. use and removal of aircraft steering bypass pin;
d. maximum gear turn limits;
e. airport infrastructure limitations. | 1. Ensure protection against jet blast and engine ingestion effects are in place, where applicable.
2. In coordination with air navigation services and apron management services, consider the development of standard pushback procedures for the movement of aircraft on aprons and taxiways. | 1. Develop policies and procedures for the safe departure of the operator’s aircraft from the stand.
2. Ensure that phraseology, signals and procedures for communication between ground and flight deck related to departure are established, practised and used by flight crew when communicating with ground crew and vice versa. |
| Aircraft towing/pushback | 1. Ensure that personnel performing towing/pushback procedures are qualified to do so and are familiar with the features of any equipment they are operating.
2. Ensure proper linking with the apron management service provider. Ensure compliance with the applicable SERA requirements.
3. Ensure that personnel are aware of aerodrome/air traffic control rules for the specific routes being used. | 1. Consider developing standard aircraft towing routes and procedures in coordination with air navigation services and apron management services.
2. Ensure the use of anticollision lights and communication with air traffic control for movements on aprons and taxiways. | Develop policies and procedures for towing of aircraft, including:
1. type of towing equipment suitable for aircraft type;
2. connection and disconnection of equipment to and from the aircraft;
3. communication between the ground and the flight deck;
4. use of anticollision lights (as per PartSERA) and emergency procedures. |
| Aircraft deicing and antiicing | 1. Ensure that personnel performing aircraft deicing and antiicing procedures are qualified to do so and are familiar with the procedures applicable to fluids or forced air operations and any equipment they are operating.
2. When responsible for the storage or handling of deicing and antiicing fluids, ensure that preseason, receipt, truckfilling and other required quality assurance checks are performed and that fluid meets the required specifications prior to being used in operations.
3. Receive and apply instructions from the aircraft operator about who will conduct the post deicing check.
4. Ensure that when storing or handling deicing/antiicing fluid, preseason, receipt and other required quality assurance checks are performed. | 1. Define the location and facilities used for aircraft deicing and antiicing at the airport.
2. Develop or ensure that procedures are in place for the collection and safe disposal of deicing and antiicing fluids. | 1. Develop policies and procedures for deicing and antiicing, including methods, types of fluids to be used, restrictions on the application of the fluids, communication between flight crew and deicing personnel, and reference to holdover time.
2. Agree and notify GH organisation about who will conduct the post deicing check.
3. Ultimate responsibility for the aircraft remains with the commander/
pilotincommand, as per Regulation(EU) No 965/2012. |