TRAINING ON PBN OPERATIONS AS PART OF IR TRAINING COURSES
GENERAL
(a)Since in accordance with point FCL.605(a) the privileges of an instrument rating (IR) include privileges to fly aircraft in PBN operations, the purpose of this AMC is to outline the training elements on PBN operations which should be part of IR training courses in accordance with point FCL.615.
(b)The training syllabi set out in this AMC should:
(1)include CRM training elements, where appropriate; and
(2)when applied, consider technological and regulatory developments.
THEORETICAL TRAINING
(c)Theoretical knowledge instruction regarding PBN This part should include basic principles, different classifications and description of structures as follows:
(1)difference between conventional, RNAV and RNP (specifications and requirement);
(2)factors used to define RNAV or RNP system performance requirements (accuracy, integrity, continuity and functionality);
(3)overview of PBN specifications (e.g. RNAV 10, RNAV 1, RNP 1) and specific approvals (RNP-AR, point in space);
(4)review of different existing approaches and 2D/3D concept;
(5)linear and angular lateral guidance;
(6)vertical guidance modes (RNP v advisory), associated limitations (AFM, temperature, QNH) and procedures (correct barometric altimeter setting);
(7)information about receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), airborne autonomous integrity monitoring (AAIM).
(d)Theoretical knowledge instruction regarding requirements, procedures and equipment
(1)This part should, while following the syllabus as set out in point (2), include theoretical knowledge instruction about:
(i)the operational procedures in accordance with Regulation (EU)
(ii)the review and study of existing means to manage the flight, including items such as charts, websites and apps.
(2)Syllabus
(i)Operational and regulatory requirements:
(A)flight preparation:
(1)relevant navigation specification and system limitations (according to the AFM);
(2)airport/operating site selection (destination, alternate, minima);
(3)user waypoint management;
(4)flight plan filing;
(5)NOTAM;
(6)RAIM prediction;
(B)in-flight:
(1)restriction in manual mode;
(2)radar vector restrictions (direct to IF, direct to FAF, intersection final);
(3)monitoring and checking;
(4)related phraseology;
(ii)charting:
(A)representation of PBN-specific elements on routes, SID STAR, APCH (including steep angle), waypoints (fly-by and fly-over), constraint altitude/speed, navaid);
(B)merged intermediate fix (IF) and initial approach fix (IAF);
(C)waypoint naming concept;
(D)path terminator concept with a focus on course to fix (CF), track to fix (TF), radius to fix (RF);
(E)minima;
(iii)contingency procedures:
(A)go-around procedure management;
(B)degradation or loss of the ability to operate in RNP;
(C)related phraseology.
PRACTICAL TRAINING
(e)Ground practical training
(1)Ground practical training aims at familiarisation with the aircraft on-board systems and should, while following the syllabus as set out in point (2), cover the following items:
(i)a theoretical overview of the on-board systems with a view to establishing links between the theory and the system to be used;
(ii)operating and setting a navigation system similar to the system on board of the aircraft to be operated; and
(iii)all functionalities provided by the navigation system likely to be used in conducting normal or abnormal procedures. Note 1: For the purpose of ground practical training, the equipment used may be presented or managed on a computer system, on a simulation bench, on an FSTD or on an aircraft on the ground. Note 2: The duration of this training depends on the complexity of the RNP system used and the recommendations of the manufacturer.
(2)Syllabus
(i)aircraft on-board system:
(A)review of basic functions (continuous indication of lateral deviation; distance/bearing to active waypoint, glideslope or time to active waypoint, navigation data storage);
(B)system limitations;
(C)failure indications and error messages;
(D)verification and sensor management;
(E)know-how:
(1)addressing discontinuities;
(2)set an ‘offset flight path’;
(3)select/delete satellite;
(4)manage the navigation database, retrieving a procedure from the database;
(5)entering data such as wind, altitude/speed constraints, vertical profile/speed;
(6)tactically modifying the flight plan;
(ii)monitoring and checking (lateral and vertical) during 2D/3D approaches;
(iii)contingency procedures management including aircraft failures;
(iv)use of automation at different stages of the procedure.
(f)Practical training in the aircraft or FSTD Flight training should:
(1)be conducted with a flight crew composition which complies with the applicable minimum flight crew composition requirements for conducting PBN operation as mentioned by the training manual and operations manual of the ATO; and
(2)include flight exercises that allow the applicant to do all of the following:
(i)apply the theoretical knowledge as specified in points (c), (d) and (e) in practice;
(ii)build competence in applying normal, abnormal and emergency procedures in PBN operation during both en-route and approach phases, including interruptions that are caused by the simulation of an abnormal situation (e.g. loss of RNP capacity or RAIM warning, if applicable).