SUBPART FC: FLIGHT CREW
ANNEX III (Part-ORO) · Air Operations · Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ORO.FC.005 – ORO.FC.440
On this page
ORO.FC.005 Scope
This Subpart establishes the requirements for flight crew training, experience and qualifications to be met by an air operator, and comprises:
ORO.FC.100 Composition of flight crew
The composition of the flight crew and the number of flight crew members at designated crew stations shall be not less than the minimum specified in the…
ORO.FC.105 Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
In accordance with point 8.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with…
AMC1 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilot-in-command /commander
AMC2 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilotincommand / commander
AMC3 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/ commander
GM1 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) Route and aerodrome knowledge
GM2 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) Designation as pilotincommand/ commander
AMC1 ORO.FC.105(b)(3) Designation as pilotincommand/ commander
AMC1 ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
AMC2 ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
GM1ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander
AREA AND ROUTE FAMILIARISATION TRAINING DELIVERY When developing the area and route familiarisation training, the operator may apply the following…
ORO.FC.110 Flight engineer
When a separate flight engineer station is incorporated in the design of an aeroplane, the flight crew shall include one crew member who is suitably…
ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
Before operating, the flight crew member shall have received CRM training, appropriate to his/her role, as specified in the operations manual.
AMC1 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
AMC2 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM1 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM2 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM3 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM4 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM5 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training
ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training
The flight crew member shall complete the operator conversion training course before commencing unsupervised line flying:
AMC1 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training
AMC2 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training
AMC3 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training
GM1 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training
AMC1 ORO.FC.120 &130 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
Flight crew members shall complete differences training or familiarisation when required by Annex I (Part- FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011.
AMC1 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
AMC2 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
GM1 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
AMC1 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
GM1 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
GM2 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training
ORO.FC.130 Recurrent training and checking
Each flight crew member shall complete annual recurrent flight and ground training relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft…
AMC1 ORO.FC.130 Recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.135 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat
Flight crew members who may be assigned to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete appropriate training and checking as specified in the operations…
AMC1 ORO.FC.135 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat
ORO.FC.140 Operation on more than one type or variant
Flight crew members that operate more than one type or variant of aircraft shall comply with the requirements prescribed in this Subpart for each type or…
GM1 ORO.FC.140 Operation on more than one type or variant
AMC1 ORO.FC.140(a) Operation on more than one type or variant
GM1 ORO.FC.140(a) Operation on more than one type or variant
AMC1 ORO.FC.140(b) Operation on more than one type or variant
AMC1 ORO.FC.140(d) Operation on more than one type or variant
ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment
All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted in accordance with the training programmes and syllabi established by…
AMC1 ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment
GM1 ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.145(a) Provision of training, checking and assessment
GM1 ORO.FC.145(a) Provision of training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.145(b) Provision of training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment
AMC2 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment
GM1 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.145(g) Provision of training, checking and assessment
ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel.
AMC1 ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
AMC2 ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.146(b) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
AMC2 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
GM1 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
GM2 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
GM3 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
AMC1 ORO.FC.146(e) ;(f)&(g) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment
ORO.FC.200 Composition of flight crew
There shall not be more than one inexperienced flight crew member in any flight crew.
ORO.FC.A.201 In-flight relief of flight crew members
The commander may delegate the conduct of the flight to: another qualified commander;
AMC1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) In-flight relief of flight crew members
GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) In-flight relief of flight crew member
GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) ;(iii) In-flight relief of flight crew members
GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(b)(2)(iii) In-flight relief of flight crew members
ORO.FC.202 Single-pilot operations under IFR or at night
In order to be able to fly under IFR or at night with a minimum flight crew of one pilot, the following shall be complied with:
ORO.FC.205 Command course
For aeroplane and helicopter operations, the command course shall include at least the following elements:
ORO.FC.215 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training
The flight crew member shall have completed an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying.
AMC1 ORO.FC.215 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training
ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking
CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course.
AMC1 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking
AMC2 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking
AMC3 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking
AMC1 ORO.FC.220(b) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.220(b) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.220(c) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.220(d) Operator conversion training and checking
AMC1 ORO.FC.220(f) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.220(f) Operator conversion training and checking
AMC1 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
AMC2 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
GM2 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
GM3 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & Recurrent training and checking
GM4 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
GM5 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking
Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which…
AMC1 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking
AMC2 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking
AMC3 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.231 Evidence-based training
EBT PROGRAMME (1) The operator may substitute the requirements of ORO.FC.230 by establishing, implementing and maintaining a suitable EBT programme…
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
AMC3 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
GM3 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
GM4 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(1) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training
GM3 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(3) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(3) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(4) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(4) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(5) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(5) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
AMC3 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
AMC4 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(e) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(f)(3) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training
GM3 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training
GM4 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training
GM2 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training
AMC2 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(h)(3) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training
GM1 ORO.FC.231(h)(4) Evidence-based training
AMC1 ORO.FC.231(i) Evidence-based training
ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
The operator shall ensure that each pilot is exposed to the assessment and training topics.
AMC1 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC2 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC3 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC4 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC5 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC6 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC8 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
GM1 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
GM2 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC1 ORO.FC.232(b)(1) EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC1 ORO.FC.232(b)(3) EBT programme assessment and training topics
AMC7 ORO.FC232 EBT programme assessment and training topics
GENERATION 1 (JET) — EBT PROGRAMME — TABLE OF ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING TOPICS Given the very small number of turbo-jet aeroplanes of the first generation…
ORO.FC.235 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — aeroplanes
Commanders of aeroplanes whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat and carry out the duties of a co-pilot, or commanders required to…
GM1 ORO.FC.235(e) ;(f) Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat
ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters
Helicopter pilots whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are…
AMC1 ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters
GM1 ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters
ORO.FC.240 Operation on more than one type or variant
The procedures or operational restrictions for operation on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved by the…
ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme
The aeroplane operator having appropriate experience may substitute one or more of the following training and checking requirements for flight crew by an…
AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme
GM1 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme
GM2 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme
GM3 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme
AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(a) Alternative training and qualification programme
AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(d) ;(e)(2) Alternative training and qualification programme
GM1 ORO.FC.A.245(e)(2) Alternative training and qualification programme
AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(g) Alternative training and qualification programme
ORO.FC.A.250 Commanders holding a CPL(A)
The holder of a CPL(A) (aeroplane) shall only act as commander in commercial air transport on a single-pilot aeroplane if either of the following…
ORO.FC.H.250 Commanders holding a CPL(H)
Holders of a CPL(H) (helicopter) shall only act as commanders in CAT operations on a singlepilot helicopter if:
ORO.FC.320 Operator conversion training and checking
The operator conversion course shall include an operator proficiency check.
ORO.FC.325 Equipment and procedure training and checking
If a flight crew member undergoes equipment and procedure training that requires training on a suitable FSTD or the aircraft, with regard to standard…
AMC1 ORO.FC.325 Equipment and procedure training and checking
ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check
Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and operator proficiency checks.
AMC1 ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check
GM1 ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check
ORO.FC.400 Flight crew composition
The minimum flight crew composition for IAM operations with manned VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA) shall correspond to that specified in the operations…
ORO.FC.415 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training
The flight crew member shall complete an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying.
AMC1 ORO.FC.415 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training
ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking
CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course.
AMC1 ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking
AMC2 ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.420(b) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.420(d) Operator conversion training and checking
AMC1 ORO.FC.420(e) Operator conversion training and checking
GM1 ORO.FC.420 ; 430 Operator conversion training and checking
ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking
Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the VCA type or variant on which they operate, and to associated…
AMC1 ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking
ORO.FC.440 Conducting operations on more than one type or variant
The procedures or operational restrictions for conducting operations on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved…
Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 27 Mar 2026, extracted 17 Aug 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.
Metis opens with Avioverse in October 2026 · request early access.