1. Introduction

The concept of remote provision of aerodrome air traffic services (ATS) (commonly known as ‘remote towers’ or ’remote tower operations’, sometimes referred to as ‘digital towers’) enables the provision of aerodrome ATS from locations/facilities without direct visual observation. Instead, the view of the aerodrome and its vicinity is based on means of technology. Throughout this document, the term used to describe this is ‘remote aerodrome ATS’. The various aspects of the provision of ATS at an aerodrome are already governed by provisions at ICAO, EU and national level, including those related to the assessment of changes to functional systems. This document provides support on how to meet these requirements in the case aerodrome ATS is provided remotely.