AppendixAppendix
Appendix PMixed phase and ice crystal icing envelope (Deep convective clouds)
The ice crystal icing envelope is depicted in Figure 1 below. Figure 1 – Convective Cloud Ice Crystal Envelope [Figure or form omitted from this preview — available in the Avioverse workspace library.]
Within the envelope, total water content (TWC) in g/m3 has been determined based upon the adiabatic lapse defined by the convective rise of 90 % relative humidity air from sea level to higher altitudes and scaled by a factor of 0.65 to a standard cloud length of 32.2 km (17.4 nautical miles). Figure 2 displays TWC for this distance over a range of ambient temperature within the boundaries of the ice crystal envelope specified in Figure 1.
Figure 2 – Total Water Content [Figure or form omitted from this preview — available in the Avioverse workspace library.]
Ice crystal size median mass dimension (MMD) range is 50–200 microns (equivalent spherical size) based upon measurements near convective storm cores. The TWC can be treated as completely glaciated (ice crystal) except as noted in the Table 1. Table 1 – Supercooled Liquid Portion of TWC
| Temperature range – deg C | Horizontal cloud length | LWC – g/m3 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 to -20 | ≤92.6 km (50 nautical miles) | ≤1.0 |
| 0 to -20 | Indefinite | ≤0.5 |
| < -20 | 0 |
The TWC levels displayed in Figure 2 represent TWC values for a standard exposure distance (horizontal cloud length) of 32.2 km (17.4 nautical miles) that must be adjusted with length of icing exposure. Figure 3 – Exposure Length Influence on TWC [Figure or form omitted from this preview — available in the Avioverse workspace library.]
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APPENDIX · Appendix P — CS-25 · ED Decision 2015/008/R · CS-25 Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 26 Jan 2023