WEIGHING OF AN AIRCRAFT — OPERATIONS WITH COMPLEX MOTOR POWERED AIRCRAFT
(a)New aircraft that have been weighed at the factory may be placed into operation without reweighing if the mass and balance records have been adjusted for alterations or modifications to the aircraft. Aircraft transferred from one EU operator to another EU operator do not have to be weighed prior to use by the receiving operator unless the mass and balance cannot be accurately established by calculation.
(b)The mass and centre of gravity (CG) position of an aircraft should be revised whenever the cumulative changes to the dry operating mass exceed ±0.5 % of the maximum landing mass or for aeroplanes the cumulative change in CG position exceeds 0.5 % of the mean aerodynamic chord. This should be done either by weighing the aircraft or by calculation.
(c)When weighing an aircraft, normal precautions should be taken, which are consistent with good practices such as:
(1)checking for completeness of the aircraft and equipment;
(2)determining that fluids are properly accounted for;
(3)ensuring that the aircraft is clean; and
(4)ensuring that weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building.
(d)Any equipment used for weighing should be properly calibrated, zeroed and used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Each scale should be calibrated either by the manufacturer, by a civil department of weights and measures or by an appropriately authorised organisation within 2 years or within a time period defined by the manufacturer of the weighing equipment, whichever is less. The equipment should enable the mass of the aircraft to be established accurately. One single accuracy criterion for weighing equipment cannot be given. However, the weighing accuracy is considered satisfactory if the accuracy criteria in Table 1 are met by the individual scales/cells of the weighing equipment used: Table 1: Accuracy criteria for weighing equipment
| For a scale/cell load | An accuracy of |
|---|
| below 2 000 kg | ± 1 % |
| from 2 000 kg to 20 000 kg | ± 20 kg |
| above 20 000 kg | ± 0.1 % |
CG LIMITS — OPERATIONAL CG ENVELOPE AND IN-FLIGHT CG In the Certificate Limitations section of the AFM, forward and aft CG limits are specified. These limits ensure that the certification stability and control criteria are met throughout the whole flight and allow the proper trim setting for take-off. The operator should ensure that these limits are respected by:
(a)defining and applying operational margins to the certified CG envelope in order to compensate for the following deviations and errors:
(1)deviations of actual CG at empty or operating mass from published values due, for example, to weighing errors, unaccounted modifications and/or equipment variations.
(2)Deviations in fuel distribution in tanks from the applicable schedule.
(3)Deviations in the distribution of cargo in the various compartments as compared with the assumed load distribution as well as inaccuracies in the actual mass of cargo.
(5)Deviations of the actual CG of cargo load within individual cargo compartments or cabin sections from the normally assumed mid position.
(6)Deviations of the CG caused by gear and flap positions and by application of the prescribed fuel usage procedure, unless already covered by the certified limits.
(7)Deviations caused by in-flight movement of crew members and task specialist.
(b)Defining and applying operational procedures in order to:
(1)take into account any significant CG travel during flight caused by persons movement; and
(2)take into account any significant CG travel during flight caused by fuel consumption/ transfer.