GMGuidance material
GM2 Annex I Definitions
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following abbreviations are used in the Annexes to this Regulation:
| 2D | two-dimensional |
|---|---|
| 3D | three-dimensional |
| A | aeroplane |
| a/c | aircraft |
| AAC | aeronautical administrative communications |
| AAIM | aircraft autonomous integrity monitoring |
| AAL | above aerodrome level |
| ABAS | aircraft-based augmentation system |
| AC | advisory circular |
| AC | alternating current |
| ACAS | airborne collision avoidance system |
| ADF | automatic direction finder |
| ADG | air driven generator |
| ADS | automatic dependent surveillance |
| ADS-B | automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast |
| ADS-C | automatic dependent surveillance - contract |
| AEA | Association of European Airlines |
| AEO | all-engines-operative |
| AFFF | aqueous film forming foams |
| AFM | aircraft flight manual |
| AFN | aircraft flight notification |
| AFN | ATS facilities notification |
| AGL | above ground level |
| AHRS | attitude heading reference system |
| AIREP | air-report |
| AIS | aeronautical information service |
| ALAP | aerodrome landing analysis programme |
| ALARP | as low as reasonably practicable |
| ALD | actual landing distance |
| ALSF | approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights |
| AMC | Acceptable Means of Compliance |
| AML | aircraft maintenance licence |
| AMSL | above mean sea level |
| ANP | actual navigation performance |
| AOC | aeronautical operational control |
| AOC | air operator certificate |
| APCH | approach |
| APP | approach |
| APU | auxiliary power unit |
| APV | approach procedure with vertical guidance |
| AR | authorisation required |
| ARA | airborne radar approach |
| ARA | Authority Requirements for Aircrew |
| A-RNP | advanced required navigation performance |
| ARO | Authority Requirements for Air Operations |
| ARP | Aerospace Recommended Practices |
| ASC | Air Safety Committee |
| ASDA | accelerate-stop distance available |
| ASE | altimeter system error |
| ATA | Air Transport Association |
| ATC | air traffic control |
| ATIS | automatic terminal information service |
| ATN | air traffic navigation |
| ATPL | airline transport pilot licence |
| ATQP | alternative training and qualification programme |
| ATS | air traffic services |
| ATSC | air traffic service communication |
| AVGAS | aviation gasoline |
| AVTAG | aviation turbine gasoline (wide-cut fuel) |
| AWO | all weather operations |
| BALS | basic approach lighting system |
| Baro VNAV | barometric VNAV |
| BCAR | British civil airworthiness requirements |
| BITD | basic instrument training device |
| CAP | controller access parameters |
| CAT | commercial air transport |
| CAT I / II / III | category I / II / III |
| CBT | computer-based training |
| CC | cabin crew |
| CDFA | continuous descent final approach |
| CDL | configuration deviation list |
| CFIT | controlled flight into terrain |
| CG | centre of gravity |
| CLB | climb |
| CM | context management |
| CMV | converted meteorological visibility |
| CofA | certificate of airworthiness |
| COM | communication (EBT competency) |
| COP | code of practice |
| CoR | certificate of registration |
| COSPAS-SARSAT | cosmicheskaya sistyema poiska avariynich sudov - search and rescue satellite-aided tracking |
| CP | committal point |
| CPA | closest point of approach |
| CPDLC | controller pilot data link communication |
| C-PED | controlled portable electronic device |
| CPL | commercial pilot licence |
| CRE | class rating examiner |
| CRI | class rating instructor |
| CRM | crew resource management |
| CRZ | cruise |
| CS | Certification Specifications |
| CSP | communication service provider |
| CVR | cockpit voice recorder |
| CVS | combined vision system |
| DA | decision altitude |
| DA/H | decision altitude/height |
| DAP | downlinked aircraft parameters |
| D-ATIS | digital automatic terminal information service |
| DC | direct current |
| DCL | departure clearance |
| DES | descent |
| D-FIS | data link flight information service |
| DG | dangerous goods |
| DH | decision height |
| DI | daily inspection |
| DIFF | deck integrated fire fighting system |
| DLR | data link recorder |
| DME | distance measuring equipment |
| D-METAR | data link - meteorological aerodrome report |
| D-OTIS | data link - operational terminal information service |
| DPATO | defined point after take-off |
| DPBL | defined point before landing |
| DR | decision range |
| DSTRK | desired track |
| EBT | evidence-based training |
| EC | European Community |
| ECAC | European Civil Aviation Conference |
| EFB | electronic flight bag |
| EFIS | electronic flight instrument system |
| EFVS | enhanced flight vision system |
| EFVS-A | enhanced flight vision system used for approach |
| EFVS-L | enhanced flight vision system used for landing |
| EGNOS | European geostationary navigation overlay service |
| EGT | exhaust gas temperature |
| ELT | emergency locator transmitter |
| ELT(AD) | emergency locator transmitter (automatically deployable) |
| ELT(AF) | emergency locator transmitter (automatic fixed) |
| ELT(DT) | emergency locator transmitter (distress tracking) |
| ELT(AP) | emergency locator transmitter (automatic portable) |
| ELT(S) | survival emergency locator transmitter |
| EPE | estimated position of error |
| EPR | engine pressure ratio |
| EPU | estimated position of uncertainty |
| ERA | en-route alternate (aerodrome) |
| ERP | emergency response plan |
| ETOPS | extended range operations with two-engined aeroplanes |
| EU | European Union |
| EUROCAE | European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment |
| EVAL | evaluation phase |
| EVS | enhanced vision system |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
| FAF | final approach fix |
| FALS | full approach lighting system |
| FANS | future air navigation systems |
| FAP | final approach point |
| FAR | Federal Aviation Regulation |
| FAS | final approach segment |
| FATO | final approach and take-off |
| FC | flight crew |
| FCL | flight crew licensing |
| FCOM | flight crew operating manual |
| FDM | flight data monitoring |
| FDO | flying display operation |
| FDR | flight data recorder |
| FFS | full flight simulator |
| FGS | flight control/guidance system |
| FI | flight instructor |
| FLIPCY | flight plan consistency |
| FLTA | forward-looking terrain avoidance |
| FMECA | failure mode, effects and criticality analysis |
| FMS | flight management system |
| FNPT | flight and navigation procedures trainer |
| FOD | foreign object damage |
| FOSA | flight operational safety assessment |
| FOV | field of view |
| FPA | flight path management — automation (EBT competency) |
| FPM | flight path management — manual control (EBT competency) |
| fpm | feet per minute |
| FRT | fixed radius transition |
| FSTD | flight simulation training device |
| ft | feet |
| FTD | flight training device |
| FTE | full time equivalent |
| FTE | flight technical error |
| FTL | flight and duty time limitations |
| g | gram |
| GAGAN | GPS aided geo augmented navigation |
| GBAS | ground-based augmentation system |
| GCAS | ground collision avoidance system |
| GEN | general |
| GIDS | ground ice detection system |
| GLS | GBAS landing system |
| GM | Guidance Material |
| GMP | general medical practitioner |
| GND | ground |
| GNSS | global navigation satellite system |
| GPS | global positioning system |
| GPWS | ground proximity warning system |
| H | helicopter |
| HEMS | helicopter emergency medical service |
| HF | high frequency |
| Hg | mercury |
| HHO | helicopter hoist operation |
| HIALS | high intensity approach lighting system |
| HIGE | hover in ground effect |
| HLL | helideck limitations list |
| HOGE | hover out of ground effect |
| HoT | hold-over time |
| hPa | hectopascals |
| HPL | human performance and limitations |
| HUD | head-up display |
| HUDLS | head-up guidance landing system |
| HUMS | health usage monitor system |
| IAF | initial approach fix |
| IALS | intermediate approach lighting system |
| IAP | instrument approach procedure |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
| IDE | instruments, data and equipment |
| IF | intermediate fix |
| IFR | instrument flight rules |
| IFSD | in-flight shutdown |
| IGE | in ground effect |
| ILS | instrument landing system |
| IMC | instrument meteorological conditions |
| in | inches |
| INS | inertial navigation system |
| IP | intermediate point |
| IR | Implementing Rule |
| IR | instrument rating |
| IRS | inertial reference system |
| ISA | international standard atmosphere |
| ISI | in-seat instruction |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
| IV | intravenous |
| JAA | Joint Aviation Authorities |
| JAR | Joint Aviation Requirements |
| kg | kilograms |
| km | kilometres |
| KNO | application of knowledge (EBT competency) |
| kt | knots |
| LDA | landing distance available |
| LDF | landing distance factor |
| LDG | landing |
| LDP | landing decision point |
| LDTA | landing distance at time of arrival |
| LED | light-emitting diode |
| LHO | local helicopter operation |
| LHS | left-hand seat |
| LIFUS | line flying under supervision |
| LNAV | lateral navigation |
| LoA | letter of acceptance |
| LOC | localiser |
| LOC-I | loss of control in-flight |
| LOE | line-oriented evaluation |
| LOFT | line-oriented flight training |
| LOQE | line-oriented quality evaluation |
| LOS | limited obstacle surface |
| LP | Localiser performance |
| LPV | localiser performance with vertical guidance |
| LRCS | long range communication system |
| LRNS | long range navigation system |
| LSAA | landing system assessment area |
| LTW | Leadership and teamwork (EBT competency) |
| LVO | low visibility operation |
| LVP | low visibility procedures |
| LVTO | low visibility take-off |
| m | metres |
| MALS | medium intensity approach lighting system |
| MALSF | medium intensity approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights |
| MALSR | medium intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights |
| MAPt | missed approach point |
| MCTOM | maximum certified take-off mass |
| MDA | minimum descent altitude |
| MDH | minimum descent height |
| MEA | minimum en-route altitude |
| MED | medical |
| MEL | minimum equipment list |
| METAR | meteorological aerodrome report |
| MGA | minimum grid altitude |
| MHA | minimum holding altitude |
| MHz | megahertz |
| MID | midpoint |
| MLR | manuals, logs and records |
| MLS | microwave landing system |
| MLX | millilux |
| mm | millimetres |
| MM | multi-mode |
| MMEL | master minimum equipment list |
| MNPS | minimum navigation performance specifications |
| MOC | minimum obstacle clearance |
| MOCA | minimum obstacle clearance altitude |
| MOPSC | maximum operational passenger seating configuration |
| MORA | minimum off-route altitude |
| MPSC | maximum passenger seating capacity |
| MSA | minimum sector altitude |
| MSAS | multi-functional satellite augmentation system |
| MT | manoeuvres training phase |
| MTCA | minimum terrain clearance altitude |
| N | North |
| NADP | noise abatement departure procedure |
| NALS | no approach lighting system |
| NCC | non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft |
| NCO | non-commercial operations with other-than-complex motor-powered aircraft |
| NF | free power turbine speed |
| NG | engine gas generator speed |
| NM | nautical miles |
| NOTAM | notice to airmen |
| NOTECHS | non-technical skills evaluation |
| NOTOC | notification to captain |
| NPA | non-precision approach |
| NPA | Notice of Proposed Amendment |
| NSE | navigation system error |
| NVD | night vision device |
| NVG | night vision goggles |
| NVIS | night vision imaging system |
| OAT | outside air temperature |
| OB | observable behaviour |
| OCH | obstacle clearance height |
| OCL | oceanic clearance |
| ODALS | omnidirectional approach lighting system |
| OEI | one-engine-inoperative |
| OFS | obstacle-free surface |
| OFZ | obstacle free zone |
| OGE | out of ground effect |
| OIP | offset initiation point |
| OM | operations manual |
| OML | operational multi-pilot limitation |
| ONC | operational navigation chart |
| OPS | operations |
| ORO | Organisation Requirements for Air Operations |
| OTS CAT II | other than standard category II |
| PAPI | precision approach path indicator |
| PAR | precision approach radar |
| PBCS | performance-based communication and surveillance |
| PBE | protective breathing equipment |
| PBN | performance-based navigation |
| PC/PT | proficiency check/proficiency training |
| PCDS | personnel carrying device system |
| PDA | premature descent alert |
| PDP | predetermined point |
| PED | portable electronic device |
| PFC | porous friction course |
| PIC | pilot-in-command |
| PIN | personal identification number |
| PIS | public interest site |
| PLB | personal locator beacon |
| PNR | point of no return |
| POH | pilot’s operating handbook |
| PRM | person with reduced mobility |
| PRO | application of procedures (EBT competency) |
| PSD | problem-solving & decision making (EBT competency) |
| PVD | paravisual display |
| QAR | quick access recorder |
| QFE | atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation / runway threshold |
| QNH | atmospheric pressure at nautical height |
| RA | resolution advisory |
| RAIM | receiver autonomous integrity monitoring |
| RAT | ram air turbine |
| RCAM | runway condition assessment matrix |
| RCC | rescue coordination centre |
| RCF | reduced contingency fuel |
| RCLL | runway centre line lights |
| RCP | required communication performance |
| RCR | runway condition report |
| RF | radius to fix |
| RF | radio frequency |
| RFC | route facility chart |
| RI | ramp inspection |
| RI | rectification interval |
| RIE | rectification interval extension |
| RMA | regional monitoring agency |
| RNAV | area navigation |
| RNP | required navigation performance |
| RNP APCH | RNP approach |
| RNP AR APCH | RNP approach for which authorisation is required |
| ROD | rate of descent |
| RP | rotation point |
| RSP | required surveillance performance |
| RTCA | Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics |
| RTODAH | rejected take-off distance available (helicopters) |
| RTODRH | rejected take-off distance required (helicopters) |
| RTOM | reduced take-off mass |
| RTZL | runway touchdown zone lights |
| RVR | runway visual range |
| RVSM | reduced vertical separation minima |
| RWYCC | runway condition code |
| S | South |
| SA CAT I | special authorisation category I |
| SA CAT II | special authorisation category II |
| SAFA | safety assessment of foreign aircraft |
| SALS | simple approach lighting system |
| SALSF | simple approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights |
| SAp | stabilised approach |
| SAP | system access parameters |
| SAR | search and rescue |
| SAS | stability augmentation system |
| SAW | situation awareness (EBT competency) |
| SBAS | satellite-based augmentation system |
| SBT | scenario-based training |
| SCC | senior cabin crew |
| SCP | special category of passenger |
| SDCM | system of differential correction and monitoring |
| SFE | synthetic flight examiner |
| SFI | synthetic flight instructor |
| SID | standard instrument departure |
| SMM | safety management manual |
| SMS | safety management system |
| SNAS | satellite navigation augmentation system |
| SOP | standard operating procedure |
| SPA | operations requiring specific approvals |
| SPECI | aviation selected special weather report |
| SPO | specialised operations |
| SRA | surveillance radar approach |
| SSALF | simplified short approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights |
| SSALR | simplified short approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights |
| SSALS | simplified short approach lighting system |
| SSEC | static source error correction |
| SSR | secondary surveillance radar |
| STAR | standard terminal arrival route |
| STC | supplemental type certificate |
| SVS | synthetic vision system |
| TA | traffic advisory |
| TAC | terminal approach chart |
| TAS | true airspeed |
| TAWS | terrain awareness warning system |
| TC | technical crew |
| TC | type certificate |
| TCAS | traffic collision avoidance system |
| TCCA | Transport Canada Civil Aviation |
| TCH | type certificate holder |
| TDP | take-off decision point |
| TDZ | touchdown zone |
| TDZE | touchdown zone elevation |
| THR | threshold |
| TI | Technical Instructions |
| TIT | turbine inlet temperature |
| TLS | target level of safety |
| TMG | touring motor glider |
| TO | take-off |
| TODA | take-off distance available (aeroplanes) |
| TODAH | take-off distance available (helicopters) |
| TODRH | take-off distance required (helicopters) |
| TOGA | take-off/go around |
| TORA | take-off run available |
| T-PED | transmitting portable electronic device |
| TRE | type rating examiner |
| TRI | type rating instructor |
| TSE | total system error |
| TVE | total vertical error |
| TWIP | terminal weather information for pilots |
| UMS | usage monitoring system |
| UPRT | upset prevention and recovery training |
| UTC | coordinated universal time |
| V2 | take-off safety speed |
| Vs0 | stalling speed |
| VAT | indicated airspeed at threshold |
| VDF | VHF direction finder |
| VFR | visual flight rules |
| VHF | very high frequency |
| VIS | visibility |
| VMC | visual meteorological conditions |
| VMO | maximum operating speed |
| VNAV | vertical navigation |
| VOR | VHF omnidirectional radio range |
| VSS | visual segment surface |
| VT | threshold speed |
| VTOL | vertical take-off and landing |
| VTOSS | take-off safety speed |
| WAAS | wide area augmentation system |
| WAC | world aeronautical chart |
| WIFI | wireless fidelity |
| WLM | workload management (EBT competency) |
| ZFTT | zero flight-time training |
GM — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2022/012/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026