ADR.OPS.B.005 Aerodrome emergency planning

GENERAL

(a)The aerodrome operator should ensure that the aerodrome emergency plan includes the ready availability of, and coordination with, appropriate specialist rescue services to be able to respond to emergencies where an aerodrome is located close to water and/or swampy areas, and where a significant portion of approach or departure operations takes place over these areas.

(b)The aerodrome operator should ensure that an assessment of the approach and departure areas within 1000 m of the runway threshold is carried out to determine the options available for intervention.

AERODROME EMERGENCY PLAN DOCUMENT The aerodrome operator should include, at least, the following in the aerodrome emergency plan document:

(a)Types of emergencies planned for;

(b)Agencies involved in the plan, and details of the aerodrome and local emergency planning arrangements and forums;

(c)Responsibility and role of each agency, the emergency operations centre, and the command post for each type of emergency;

(d)Information on names and telephone numbers of offices or people to be contacted in the case of a particular emergency; and

(e)A grid map of the aerodrome and its immediate surroundings, approximately at a distance of 8 km from the centre of the aerodrome.

AERODROME EMERGENCY EXERCISE The aerodrome operator should ensure that the emergency plan is tested with:

(a)a full-scale aerodrome emergency exercise at intervals not exceeding two years; and

(b)partial emergency exercises in the intervening year to ensure that any deficiencies found during the full-scale aerodrome emergency exercise have been corrected and reviewed thereafter, or after an actual emergency, so as to correct any deficiency found during such exercises or actual emergency.

PURPOSE OF THE AERODROME EMERGENCY PLAN

(a)In many cases the aerodrome emergency plan is part of a National or Local Emergency Plan, and the responsibility for its development is assigned to another entity, different from the aerodrome operator. However, this does not prevent the aerodrome operator from preparing its own plan describing the actions that should be taken during an emergency, in cooperation with the authorities which are responsible for the National or Local Emergency Plan.

(b)Irrespective of whose responsibility is the establishment and implementation of an emergency plan covering emergencies at or in the surroundings of an aerodrome, the emergency plan should ensure that there are provisions for:

(1)orderly and efficient transition from normal to emergency operations;

(2)delegation of authority;

(3)assignment of emergency responsibilities;

(4)authorising key personnel for actions contained in the plan;

(5)coordination of efforts to cope with the emergency; and

(6)safe continuation of aircraft operations or return to normal operations as soon as possible.

AERODROME EMERGENCY PLAN DOCUMENT

(a)The aerodrome emergency plan of the aerodrome operator should observe human factors principles to ensure optimum response in emergency operations.

(b)In order to ensure that the aerodrome emergency plan document fully serves its purpose, it should include the following:

(1)plans for dealing with emergencies occurring at the aerodrome or in its surroundings, including the malfunction of aircraft in flight; structural fires; sabotage, including bomb threats (aircraft or structure); unlawful seizure of aircraft; and incidents on the aerodrome covering ‘during the emergency’ and ‘after the emergency’ considerations;

(2)details of tests for aerodrome facilities and equipment to be used in emergencies such as emergency operations centre, mobile command post, fire fighting vehicles and equipment, communication means, first aid medical supplies, etc., including the frequency of those tests;

(3)details of exercises to test emergency plans, including the frequency of those exercises;

(4)a list of organisations, agencies, and persons of authority, both on and off-aerodrome, for site roles; their telephone and fax numbers, e-mail and SITA addresses, and the radio frequencies of their offices;

(5)the establishment of an aerodrome emergency committee to organise training and other preparations for dealing with emergencies;

(6)the appointment of an on-the-scene commander for the overall emergency operation; and

(7)Details of the off aerodrome areas for which the aerodrome RFFS will provide a response, and the size and nature of the response.

CONTENTS OF AN AERODROME EMERGENCY PLAN DOCUMENT The purpose of the aerodrome Emergency Plan Document is to provide all the required information to agencies and staff involved in an emergency. The document should be structured in such a manner, that the required information is easily identifiable. For that purpose, the structure of the aerodrome emergency plan should be as follows: Section 1 — Emergency telephone numbers This section should be limited to essential telephone, numbers according to the aerodrome needs, including:

(a)air traffic services unit;

(b)rescue and firefighting services (fire departments);

(c)airfield operations department;

(d)police and security;

(e)medical services:

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances; and

(3)doctors — business/residence;

(f)aircraft operators;

(g)ground handling agencies;

(h)government authorities;

(i)civil defence; and

(j)others. Section 2 — Aircraft accident on the aerodrome

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by rescue and firefighting services;

(c)Action by police and security services;

(d)Action by the aerodrome operator:

(1)vehicle escort; and

(2)maintenance;

(e)Action by medical services:

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances;

(3)doctors; and

(4)medical personnel.

(f)Action by aircraft operator involved;

(g)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post;

(h)Action by government authorities;

(i)Communication network (emergency operations centre and mobile command post);

(j)Action by agencies organisations involved in mutual aid emergency agreements;

(k)Action by transportation authorities (land, sea, air);

(l)Action by public information officer(s);

(m)Action by local fire departments when structures involved; and

(n)Action by all other agencies. Section 3 — Aircraft accident off the aerodrome

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by rescue and firefighting services;

(c)Action by local fire departments;

(d)Action by police and security services;

(e)Action by aerodrome operator;

(f)Action by medical services;

(i)hospitals;

(ii)ambulances;

(iii)doctors; and

(iv)medical personnel.

(g)Action by agencies involved in mutual aid emergency agreements;

(h)Action by aircraft operator involved;

(i)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post;

(j)Action by government authorities;

(k)Action by communication networks (emergency operations centre and mobile command post);

(l)Action by transportation authorities (land, sea, air);

(m)Action by public information officer; and

(n)Action by all other agencies. Section 4 — Malfunction of aircraft in flight (Full emergency or local standby)

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by aerodrome rescue and firefighting services;

(c)Action by police and security services;

(d)Action by the aerodrome operator;

(e)Action by medical services:

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances;

(3)doctors; and

(4)medical personnel.

(f)Action by aircraft operator involved;

(g)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post; and

(h)Action by all other agencies. Section 5 — Structural fires

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by rescue and firefighting services (local fire department);

(c)Action by police and security services;

(d)Action by aerodrome authority;

(e)Evacuation of structure;

(f)Action by medical services:

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances;

(3)doctors; and

(4)medical personnel.

(g)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post;

(h)Action by public information officer; and

(i)Action by all other agencies. Section 6 — Sabotage including bomb threat (aircraft or structure)

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post;

(c)Action by police and security services;

(d)Action by the aerodrome operator;

(e)Action by rescue and firefighting services;

(f)Action by medical services:

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances;

(3)doctors; and

(4)medical personnel.

(g)Action by aircraft operator involved;

(h)Action by government authorities;

(i)Isolated aircraft parking position;

(j)Evacuation;

(k)Searches by dogs and trained personnel;

(l)Handling and identification of luggage and cargo on board aircraft;

(m)Handling and disposal of suspected bomb;

(n)Action by public information officer; and

(o)Action by all other agencies. Section 7 — Unlawful seizure of aircraft

(a)Action by air traffic services unit;

(b)Action by rescue and firefighting services;

(c)Action by police and security services;

(d)Action by the aerodrome operator;

(e)Action by medical services;

(1)hospitals;

(2)ambulances;

(3)doctors; and

(4)medical personnel.

(f)Action by aircraft operator involved;

(g)Action by government authorities;

(h)Action by emergency operations centre and mobile command post;

(i)Isolated aircraft parking position;

(j)Action by public information officer; and

(k)Action by all other agencies. Section 8 — Incident on the aerodrome An incident on the aerodrome could require any, or all of the actions detailed in Section 2, ‘Aircraft accident on the aerodrome’. Examples of incidents the aerodrome operator should consider to include: fuel spills at the ramp, passenger loading bridge, and fuel storage area; dangerous goods occurrences at freight handling areas; collapse of structures; vehicle/aircraft collisions; etc. Section 9 — Persons of authority — site roles To include, but not limited to, the following, according to local requirements:

(a)On-aerodrome:

(1)Aerodrome chief fire officer;

(2)Aerodrome authority;

(3)Police and security — Officer-in-charge; and

(4)Medical coordinator.

(b)Off-aerodrome:

(1)Local chief fire officer;

(2)Government authority; and

(3)Police and security — officer-in-charge. The on-the-scene commander will be designated as required from within the pre-arranged mutual aid emergency agreement.

TYPES OF EMERGENCIES

(a)At least the following types of emergencies may be included in the aerodrome emergency plan:

(1)Aircraft emergencies;

(2)Aircraft ground incidents, where an aircraft on the ground is known to have an emergency situation other than an accident, requiring the attendance of emergency services;

(3)Sabotage, including bomb threats;

(4)Unlawfully seized aircraft;

(5)Dangerous goods occurrences;

(6)Building fires;

(7)Natural disasters; and

(8)Public health emergencies.

(b)The aircraft emergencies for which services may be required are generally classified as:

(1)‘aircraft accident’: an aircraft accident which has occurred on or in the aerodrome surroundings;

(2)‘full emergency’: an aircraft approaching the aerodrome is, or is suspected to be, in such trouble that there is imminent danger of an accident; and

(3)‘local standby’: an aircraft approaching the aerodrome is known. or is suspected to have developed some defect, but the trouble is not such as would normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting a safe landing.

COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES AND ORGANISATIONS

(a)The aerodrome emergency plan should describe the procedures for coordinating the response of different aerodrome agencies organisations or services (e.g. ground handlers, airlines, security services) and those agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to an emergency.

(b)If the aerodrome emergency plan is not part of a National or Local Emergency Plan, then it should be coordinated as required.

(c)Emergency mutual aid agreements should be established to define responsibilities and/or liabilities of each external agency responding to an emergency. These agreements should include the following:

(1)clarification of the political and jurisdictional responsibilities of the several agencies (e.g. police, local fire fighting services, local authorities, accident investigation bodies, etc.) that could be involved in order to avoid problems when an emergency occurs;

(2)establishment of the command authority; i.e. a single on-the-scene commander (with designated alternates if necessary);

(3)designation of communication priorities at the accident site;

(4)organisation of emergency transportation facilities under (a) pre-designated coordinator(s);

(5)predetermination of the legal authorities and liabilities of all cooperating emergency personnel; and

(6)pre-arrangements for use of portable and heavy rescue equipment from available sources.

(d)The aerodrome emergency plan should be implemented similarly whether it is an on-aerodrome or an off-aerodrome aircraft accident/incident.

(e)Rendezvous signs and directional arrows should be consistent, and conform to national standards.

(f)The aerodrome operator should assess the level of medical supplies to be held on the aerodrome for emergency purposes.

INVOLVED AGENCIES IN EMERGENCIES The following agencies could participate in response to an emergency, depending on the type of emergency and local arrangements:

(a)On the aerodrome:

(1)Air Traffic Control Unit;

(2)Rescue and firefighting services;

(3)Aerodrome administration;

(4)Medical and ambulance services;

(5)Aircraft operators;

(6)Ground handling agencies;

(7)Security services; and

(8)Police.

(b)Off the aerodrome:

(1)Fire departments;

(2)Police;

(3)Health authorities (including medical, ambulance, hospital and public health services);

(4)Military; and

(5)Harbour or coast guard, if applicable.

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE

(a)The practice had shown that emergencies are handled more efficiently centrally through an emergency operations centre and a command post.

(b)The emergency operations centre could be a part of the aerodrome facilities, and responsible for the overall coordination and general direction of the response to an emergency. Depending on the size of the aerodrome and local procedures, more than one emergency centres could be established, but within the aerodrome emergency plan should be identified which of them has the overall responsibility for coordination.

(c)A person should be assigned to assume control of the emergency operations centre and, when appropriate, another person the command post.

(d)The role of the emergency operations centre should be to support the on-the-scene commander in the mobile command post for aircraft accidents/incidents.

(e)The emergency operations centre, depending on relevant security plans and local procedures could be the command, coordination, and communication centre for unlawful seizure of aircraft and bomb threats.

(f)The emergency operations centre should be operationally available 24 hours a day, or during the aerodrome’s hours of operation, and procedures should be established for notifying its staff.

(g)The location of the emergency operation centre is very important for its efficiency. Consideration should be given to establish its location having a clear view of the movement area and isolated aircraft parking position, wherever possible.

(h)Adequate equipment and personnel should be available in order to communicate with the appropriate agencies involved in the emergency, including the mobile post, when this is deployed. The communication and electronic devices should be checked regularly, to identify any malfunctions.

MOBILE COMMAND POST

(a)The command post is a facility capable of being moved rapidly to the site of an emergency, when required, and undertakes the local coordination of those agencies responding to the emergency.

(b)The mobile command post, when established, should contain the necessary equipment and personnel to communicate with all agencies involved in the emergency, including the emergency operations centre. The communication and electronic devices should be checked regularly, in order to identify any malfunctions.

(c)Maps, charts, and other relevant equipment and information should be available at the mobile command post.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USED FOR EMERGENCIES

(a)When established, adequate communication systems linking the command post and the emergency operations centre with each other and with the participating agencies should be provided in accordance with the plan and consistent with the particular requirements of the aerodrome.

(b)The communication systems used should include a sufficient number of radio transceivers, telephones, and other communication devices to establish and maintain a primary, and a secondary means of communication;

(c)The role of the communication systems is to provide a primary, and, where necessary, an alternate means for effective direct communications between the following, as applicable:

(1)the alerting authority and the rescue and firefighting (RFF) units serving the aerodrome;

(2)air traffic services unit, the appropriate fire department alarm room/dispatch centre(s) and the firefighting and rescue crews en route to an aircraft emergency and at the accident/incident site;

(3)appropriate mutual aid agencies located on or off the aerodrome, including an alert procedure for all auxiliary personnel expected to respond; and

(4)the RFF vehicles, including a communication capability between crew members on each RFF vehicle.

(d)A communications system should be established in order to provide rapid response of the emergency equipment to accidents and incidents occurring in the terminal areas, and at the apron. Apron accidents include aircraft cabin fires, refuelling spills and fires, aircraft and vehicle collisions, and medical emergencies.

(e)Communication systems used during emergencies should be tested regularly to verify the operability of all radio and telephone networks.

(f)A complete and current list of interagency telephone numbers should be available to all agencies and to personnel responsible for the aerodrome emergency plan, to ensure rapid notification in case of emergencies. These phone numbers should be verified frequently to ensure they are correct. Updated lists should be distributed to all emergency plan participants on a continual basis.

EMERGENCIES IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENT At those aerodromes located close to water and/or swampy areas, or difficult terrain, the aerodrome emergency plan should include the establishment, testing, and assessment at regular intervals of a predetermined response for the specialist rescue services.

EMERGENCY EXERCISES

(a)Full-scale exercises

(1)The purpose of a full-scale exercise is to ensure the adequacy of the plan to cope with different types of emergencies.

(2)Full-scale emergency exercises should be supported by all aerodrome and community authorities concerned.

(3)Objectives of the exercise should be defined.

(4)Involved departments and agencies should be thoroughly familiar with the aerodrome emergency plan, and develop individual plans in coordination with the general plan.

(5)The emergency exercises should be held in locations which will provide maximum realism while ensuring minimum disruption of the aerodrome operations. Different scenarios, as described in the aerodrome emergency plan document, should be used. The exercise could be held either during the day or at night on the aerodrome, and at different times of the year when seasonal changes may present additional challenges. Exercises may take place both on or near the aerodrome to test different scenarios.

(6)In order to obtain the maximum benefit from a full-scale emergency exercise, the entire proceedings should be reviewed. An observer critique team should be organised, comprised of members who are familiar with mass casualty accident proceedings. Each member of the critique team should observe the entire exercise, and complete the appropriate emergency drill critique forms. As soon as convenient after the exercise, a critique meeting should be held so members of the team can present their observations and recommendations for improvement of the aerodrome emergency plan procedures and associated aerodrome emergency plan document.

(7)The exercise should be followed by a full debriefing, critique, and analysis. It is important that representatives of all organisations which participate in the exercise actively participate in the critique.

(b)Partial emergency exercises

(1)The purpose of a partial exercise is to ensure the adequacy of the response to individual participating agencies and components of the plan.

(2)Partial emergency exercises should involve, at least, one unit, such as rescue and firefighting services, or medical, or combination of several units, as appropriate.

(3)Partial emergency exercises should ensure that any deficiencies found during the full-scale aerodrome emergency exercise have been corrected.

(c)Tabletop exercises Tabletop exercises should be held at regular intervals. The aim of these exercises should be to verify that roles and procedures are clear and understood. These exercises offer a good opportunity to test new or revised procedures, before implementation, or preparation for a full-scale emergency exercise.